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121.
Exotic plant invasion may alter underground microbial communities, and invasion-induced changes of soil biota may also affect
the interaction between invasive plants and resident native species. Increasing evidence suggests that feedback of soil biota
to invasive and native plants leads to successful exotic plant invasion. To examine this possible underlying invasion mechanism,
soil microbial communities were studied where Ageratina adenophora was invading a native forest community. The plant–soil biota feedback experiments were designed to assess the effect of invasion-induced
changes of soil biota on plant growth, and interactions between A. adenophora and three native plant species. Soil analysis showed that nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and available P and K content were significantly higher in a heavily invaded site than in a newly invaded site. The structure
of the soil microbial community was clearly different in all four sites. Ageratina adenophora invasion strongly increased the abundance of soil VAM (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and the fungi/bacteria ratio.
A greenhouse experiment indicated that the soil biota in the heavily invaded site had a greater inhibitory effect on native
plant species than on A. adenophora and that soil biota in the native plant site inhibited the growth of native plant species, but not of A. adenophora. Soil biota in all four sites increased A. adenophora relative dominance compared with each of the three native plant species and soil biota in the heavily invaded site had greater
beneficial effects on A. adenophora relative dominance index (20% higher on average) than soil biota in the non-invaded site. Our results suggest that A. adenophora is more positively affected by the soil community associated with native communities than are resident natives, and once
the invader becomes established it further alters the soil community in a way that favors itself and inhibits natives, helping
to promote the invasion. Soil biota alteration after A. adenophora establishment may be an important part of its invasion process to facilitate itself and inhibit native plants. 相似文献
122.
栗色圆孔牛肝菌中的三种甾醇成分 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
从栗色圆孔牛肝菌(Gyropous castaneus)中分离得到三种甾醇类化合物:(Ⅰ)β-er-gosterol;(Ⅱ)5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol; (Ⅲ)ergosta-6,22-dien-3β,5β,8β-triol。以上三种甾醇均是首次从栗色圆孔牛肝菌中获得,其中化合物(Ⅲ)的构型未见有其它文献报道。 相似文献
123.
Membrane topology of mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is an integral membrane protein anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum. It catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids that are required for the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids. Four mouse isoforms of SCD (SCD1-4) and two human isoforms have been characterized. In the current study, we characterize the topology of the mouse SCD1 isoform. Hydropathy analysis of the 355-amino acid mouse SCD1 protein predicts that the protein contains four transmembrane domains (TMDs) and three loops connecting the membrane-spanning domains. To define the topology of the protein, recombinant SCD1 constructs containing epitope tags were transiently expressed in HeLa cells and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence and cysteine derivatization. Our data provide evidence that the N and C termini of SCD1 are oriented toward the cytosol with four transmembrane domains separated by two very short hydrophilic loops in the ER lumen and one large hydrophilic loop in the cytosol. In addition, based on the previous observation that SCD is a thiol enzyme, we sought to investigate whether the cysteine residues were essential for enzyme activity through mutagenesis studies, and our data suggest that the cysteines in SCD are not catalytically essential. 相似文献
124.
125.
Recently, secretory granule Ca(2+) storage protein chromogranin B (CGB) was shown to be present in the nucleoplasm proper in a complex structure that consists of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R)/Ca(2+) channels and the phospholipids. Further, the amounts of IP(3)Rs present in the nucleus of bovine chromaffin cells were shown to be comparable to that of the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, we investigated here the potential contribution of nuclear CGB on the IP(3)-dependent Ca(2+) mobilization in the nucleus, using both neuroendocrine PC12 and nonneuroendocrine NIH3T3 cells. Chromogranin A (CGA) expression in the NIH3T3 cells, which do not contain intrinsic chromogranins, increased the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) releases in the nucleus by 45%, while CGB expression in the same cells increased the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) releases in the nucleus by 80%. Microinjection of IP(3) into the nucleus of CGB-expressing NIH3T3 cells increased the IP(3)-dependent nuclear Ca(2+) mobilization approximately 3-fold, whereas in CGA-expressing cells it remained the same as that of control cells. In contrast, inhibition of CGA expression in PC12 cells by siRNA treatment decreased the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) releases in the nucleus by 17%, while inhibition of CGB expression decreased the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) releases in the nucleus by 55%. Microinjection of IP(3) into the nucleus of siCGB-treated PC12 cells decreased the IP(3)-dependent nuclear Ca(2+) mobilization by approximately 75%, whereas in siCGA-treated cells it remained the same as that of control cells. Given the presence of CGB in the nucleus, these results further highlight the critical contribution of nuclear CGB in the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release in the nucleus. 相似文献
126.
以雌激素含量明确的避孕药物作诱导剂观察了其对离乳Wistsar大鼠性成熟的影响,结果显示在给予避孕药后体重、乳腺、阴门、阴道上皮细胞、卵巢、子宫均发生类似人体假性性早熟变化,而肾上腺、脑垂体、甲状腺等与对照组比较均未见明显差异。 相似文献
127.
128.
129.
Hu Jin Xinran Zhang Kunpeng Li Yanxing Niu Mian Guo Chuanjiong Hu Xia Wan Yangmin Gong Fenghong Huang 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
The feasibility of using untreated rapeseed meal as a nitrogen source for iturin A production by Bacillus subtilis 3–10 in submerged fermentation was first evaluated by comparison with two different commercial nitrogen sources of peptone and ammonium nitrate. A significant promoting effect of rapeseed meal on iturin A production was observed and the maximum iturin A concentration of 0.60 g/L was reached at 70 h, which was 20% and 8.0 fold higher than that produced from peptone and ammonium nitrate media, respectively. It was shown that rapeseed meal had a positive induction effect on protease secretion, contributing to the release of soluble protein from low water solubility solid rapeseed meal for an effective supply of available nitrogen during fermentation. Moreover, compared to raw rapeseed meal, the remaining residue following fermentation could be used as a more suitable supplementary protein source for animal feed because of the great decrease of major anti-nutritional components including sinapine, glucosinolate and its degradation products of isothiocyanate and oxazolidine thione. The results obtained from this study demonstrate the potential of direct utilization of low cost rapeseed meal as a nitrogen source for commercial production of iturin A and other secondary metabolites by Bacillus subtilis. 相似文献
130.
A. M. Choudhury K. Y. Chu G. W. Kenner S. Moore K. L. Ramachandran R. Ramage 《Bioorganic chemistry》1979,8(4):471-483
The synthesis of fragments corresponding to the N-terminal region of porcine big gastrin is described. Radioimmunoassay using synthetic peptides supports the revised structure for the hormone. 相似文献