A comparative study on the antioxidant effects of hesperidin and ellagic acid against skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury

Abstract

The antioxidant effects of ellagic acid (EA) and hesperidin (HES) against skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) were performed. Hindlimb ischemia has been induced by tourniquet occlusion for 2?h on left hindlimb. At the end of ischemia, the tourniquate has been removed and initiated reperfusion for 2?h. EA (100?mg/kg) has been applied orally before ischemia/reperfusion in the EA?+?I/R group. HES (100?mg/kg) has been given orally in the HES?+?I/R group. The left gastrocnemius muscle has been harvested and stored immediately at??80?°C until assessed for the levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes activities. MDA level has statistically increased in I/R group (p?<?0.05) compared to other groups. The muscle tissue antioxidant enzymes activities were lower than the other groups in the I/R group (p?<?0.05). EA and HES treatments significantly reversed the damage level in I/R, also activity of tissue SOD increased in the EA?+?I/R and HES?+?I/R groups.     

A novel method for the evaluation of proximal tubule epithelial cellular necrosis in the intact rat kidney using ethidium homodimer

Background  

Ethidium homodimer is a cell-membrane impermeant nuclear fluorochrome that has been widely used to identify necrotic cells in culture. Here, we describe a novel technique for evaluating necrosis of epithelial cells in the proximal tubule that involves perfusing ethidium homodimer through the intact rat kidney. As a positive control for inducing necrosis, rats were treated with 3.5, 1.75, 0.87 and 0.43 mg/kg mercuric chloride (Hg²⁺, intraperitoneal), treatments which have previously been shown to rapidly cause dose-dependent necrosis of the proximal tubule. Twenty-four h after the administration of Hg²⁺, ethidium homodimer (5 μM) was perfused through the intact left kidney while the animal was anesthetized. The kidney was then removed, placed in embedding medium, frozen and cryosectioned at a thickness of 5 μm. Sections were permeabilized with -20°C methanol and then stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to label total nuclei. Total cell number was determined from the DAPI staining in random microscopic fields and the number of necrotic cells in the same field was determined by ethidium homodimer labeling.     

Temperature,deltamethrin-resistance status and performance measures of Plutella xylostella: complex responses of insects to environmental variables

1. Worldwide, the excessive use of insecticides has resulted in field-evolved insecticide-resistant populations of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. A deltamethrin-resistant DBM population from the field was divided into two subpopulations in the laboratory. One population (S-strain) was maintained with no further exposure to insecticides, whereas the other population (R-strain) was maintained under a regime of intermittent selection with deltamethrin. 2. Individuals from both strains were reared at constant temperatures in the range 10–35 °C in the absence of deltamethrin, and the effects of rearing temperature on various traits were investigated. At the time of experimentation, the R-strain was 20-fold more resistant to deltamethrin than the S-strain. 3. Temperature differentially affected developmental time, adult life span, pupal weight, and fecundity of both strains. Although both strains laid eggs after being reared at 10 °C, few of these eggs were fertile. The R-strain developed significantly faster than the S-strain. The integrated performance of the S-strain and R-strain was greatest at 25 and 15 °C, respectively. 4. The present study provides important information on the complexities of the outcomes of the interactions between ectotherms and temperature. Specifically, temperature-trait relationships may not be unimodal, and ectotherm genotypes (in this case insecticide-resistance status) and abiotic stresses can interact with unpredictable outcomes. 5. Current models predicting DBM population dynamics and relative abundance in different locations do not consider different thermal biologies of different genotypes. The present study shows the dramatic effects of environment on many parameters used in these models and will help to enhance their accuracy, and thus their utility.     

Über die Untersuchungen von A. H. Blaauw,betreffend die Beziehung zwischen Lichtintensität und Beleuchtungsdauer bei der phototropischen Krümmung von Keimlingen vonAvena sativa

Ohne ZusammenfassungProceedings of the Meetings of Saturday September 26, 1908.Die vorliegende Übersetzung, zu der Herr Prof. Went mich gütigst autorisierte, rechtfertigt sich durch die in theoretischer, ganz besonders aber in methodologischer Hinsicht überaus wichtigen Ergebnisse Blaauws. Die Untersuchung bestätigt zunächst ein Gesetz, das der Übersetzer für die Abhängigkeit der Präsentationszeit von der Lichtintensität festgestellt hat (die diesbezügliche Abhandlung war Herrn Prof. Went zur Zeit, als er dieses Referat schrieb, noch nicht zu Gesicht gekommen), verfolgt aber diese Gesetzmäßigkeit innerhalb wesentlich weiterer Grenzen. Die Feststellung ganz besonders, daß bei entsprechend intensiver Beleuchtung die Präsentationszeit bis auf 1/1000 Sekunde sinkt, zusammengehalten mit den Tatsachen der feinen Unterschiedsempfind-lichkeit der Pflanzen (Wiesner) und der außerordentlich kurzen Perzeptions-zeit (Fitting), muß die reizphysiologische Methodik reformieren und sie zu ebenso exaktem Arbeiten anspornen, wie es bei psychophysischen Experimenten längst der Fall ist.     

A bacterial clone carrying sequences coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from Artemia

A bacterial cDNA clone was identified carrying one third of the nucleotides coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from the brine shrimp Artemia. The sequence of codons corresponds with the known sequence of amino acids of EF-1 alpha in the region involved.     

A new semi-automated instrument to improve the fine needle aspiration procedure during breast lesion cell sampling

A large and increasing number of women in the western world will at some point during their life be investigated morphologically for some type of breast lesion. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is one morphological method which is considered to be the fastest, cheapest and the most patient-friendly approach. However, the frequency of conclusive samples using this method varies and is often too low, especially when performed by unexperienced operators. In this study we have developed and tested a new semi-automated instrument (“CytoTest”) designed for FNA which is intended to improve the efficacy of the technique by increasing the percentage of conclusive samples. A total of 443 consecutive aspiration procedures on palpable breast lesions were performed to compare this new “CytoTest” equipment with the standard protocol using the same type of needles. We conclude that by increasing the extent and frequency of the reciprocatory motions used by an experienced sampling operator as well as enhancing the ejection pressure, the cellular yield can be increased almost three folded compared to the standard protocol. For cases with high amounts of non-diagnostic material (such as blood or cystic fluid) which were discarded, up to four times more sample could be obtained. Furthermore, the frequency of sparse samples under 1 mg was halved with use of the “CytoTest”.