三氟氯氰菊酯对棉铃虫神经细胞延迟整流钾电流的抑制作用

用膜片钳技术首次研究了三氟氯氰菊酯对离体培养的棉铃虫中枢神经细胞延迟整流钾通道电流的影响。结果表明,药物作用前有81%和39%的细胞的通道分别在-30 mV 和 -40 mV 激活（n=21）。三氟氯氰菊酯（10^-5 mmol/L）作用15 min后,有63%和38%细胞的通道分别在-40 mV 和 -50 mV 激活（n=8）;作用1 min后电流幅值明显降低,抑制率达到了37.7%（n=19）;加药后激活曲线明显左移且Vh 值变化显著,但k值没有明显变化。实验结果说明,三氟氯氰菊酯作用后,通道更容易激活,但显著抑制电流峰值,导致神经敏感性降低,棉铃虫中枢神经细胞钾通道也是拟除虫菊酯类药物的作用靶标之一。     

五种桉树对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的抗性研究

本文通过室内网室接虫,以感虫株率、株平均虫瘿数、单株最多虫瘿数和感虫速度4个指标,评价了5种桉树对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂Leptocybe invasa Fisher&La Salle的抗性.结果表明:在人工接种16 d、22 d和25 d后,DH201-2、GL9和邓恩桉分别出现明显的虫瘿,DH32-29和JGI在接种后的40 d内均未出现感虫症状.经方差分析表明,供试的5种桉树对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的抗性有显著差异,其抗性序列由大到小为:DH32-29=JG1>邓恩桉>GL9>DH201-2.     

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在博来霉素诱导的系统性硬化症小鼠模型血管重塑中的作用

系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis,SSc)是一种慢性可累及全身多脏器的自身免疫性疾病,以广泛的血管病变及皮肤和内脏的纤维化为特征,但其机制迄今尚不明确。已有研究证实,Wnt通路参与了SSc纤维化,但其在血管病变中的病理作用尚未见报道。本研究拟采用博来霉素(bleomycin,BLM)诱导的SSc小鼠模型,探讨Wnt通路在SSc皮肤血管病变中的作用。将18只Balb/C小鼠随机平均分为3组,分别设为对照组(于小鼠背部皮下注射PBS 100 μL/d)、模型组(于小鼠背部皮下注射浓度为 1 mg/mL 博来霉素BLM 100 μL/d)和治疗组(于小鼠背部皮下注射 1 mg/mL BLM 100 μL/d,同时腹腔注射Wnt及β-catenin的抑制剂 iCRT3 5 mg/kg·d),于造模第28 d处死小鼠。小鼠皮肤取材后,通过HE染色及Masson染色观察到经BLM诱导的模型组小鼠背真皮、表皮厚度较对照组皮肤均明显增加(P<0.05),同时模型组的皮脂腺、毛囊等皮肤附属器明显减少,脂肪层厚度变薄并被纤维组织包绕,模型组皮肤胶原沉积较对照组增加;通过免疫组织化学染色在组织学层面鉴定α-SMA表达情况,发现模型组及治疗组α-SMA在皮肤组织中均高表达,α-SMA阳性表达在血管周围较对照组明显增加;通过ELISA方法检测出模型组小鼠血清中IL-6及IL-17表达量较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),治疗组小鼠血清中IL-6及IL-17的表达量较模型组明显下降(P<0.05);提取皮肤微血管片段,通过q-PCR检测到模型组及治疗组小鼠皮肤微血管中β-联蛋白的mRNA基因表达水平较正常组升高;通过Western印迹检测皮肤微血管Wnt5A、β-联蛋白、α-SMA、col1A1的蛋白质表达情况,发现纤维化相关蛋白质α-SMA及col1A1在模型组表达升高,较对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05),治疗组较模型组表达下降(P<0.05),Wnt通路相关蛋白质β-联蛋白及Wnt5A在模型组表达明显升高,较之对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。本研究提示,BLM能成功诱导小鼠系统性硬化症皮肤表型,Wnt通路的异常激活参与了BLM诱导的硬皮病小鼠皮肤微血管病变,特异性Wnt通路抑制剂iCRT3可能通过直接或间接的方式下调细胞因子IL-6及IL-17,从而降低BLM诱导的小鼠皮肤微血管中的α-SMA及col1A1蛋白质表达,改善小鼠皮肤微血管病变,干预BLM诱导的小鼠血管病变的进展。     

稻纵卷叶螟感染Wolbachia的ftsZ基因和16S rDNA基因的序列分析

Wolbachia是一类胞质遗传的内共生菌, 广泛分布于节肢动物和其他动物中, 与宿主的生殖调控密切相关。通过研究迁飞性害虫稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)的Wolbachia感染情况, 为探讨Wolbachia在迁飞性昆虫中的生殖调控和传递方式等提供基础资料。本研究应用Wolbachia的ftsZ基因和16S rDNA基因的特异性引物, 通过PCR扩增的方法对我国20个地区的稻纵卷叶螟样本进行了检测。结果表明: 中国不同地区的稻纵卷叶螟感染Wolbachia的现象较为普遍, 其中浙江温州和江苏扬州样本的感染率最高（90%）; 四川雅安、 湖南长沙和天津宁河样本的感染率最低（40%）。不同地区稻纵卷叶螟的Wolbachia ftsZ基因序列完全一致, 而且不同地区的Wolbachia 16S rDNA基因序列也完全相同。此外, 稻纵卷叶螟感染的Wolbachia ftsZ基因和16S rDNA基因序列与其他物种感染的Wolbachia B群的ftsZ基因序列和16S rDNA基因序列相似性分别在99%~100%和98%~99%之间, 说明我国稻纵卷叶螟感染的Wolbachia隶属B群。研究结果表明, 稻纵卷叶螟感染的Wolbachia类型较为单一, 这也是我国有关稻纵卷叶螟内共生菌Wolbachia的首次研究报道。     

Design and comparison of gene-pyramiding schemes in animals

Marker-assisted gene pyramiding provides a promising way to develop new animal breeds or lines, in which genes responsible for certain favorable characters identified in different breeds or lines are incorporated. In consideration of features of animal populations, we proposed five schemes for pyramiding three genes, denoted Scheme A-E, and five schemes for pyramiding four genes, denoted Scheme F-J. These schemes are representative of the possible alternatives. We also provided an algorithm to compute the population sizes needed in each generation. We compared these schemes with respect to the total population size and the number of generations required under different situations. The results show that there is no scheme that is optimal in all cases. Among the schemes for pyramiding three genes from three lines (L1, L2 and L3), Scheme D (a three-way cross between the three lines are first performed, followed by a backcross to L1 and a subsequent intercross to obtain the desired genotype) has a significant advantage over the other schemes when the recombination rate between adjacent genes ranges from 0.1 to 0.4, while Scheme A (a two-way cross between L1 and L2 and a subsequent intercross are performed, followed by a cross with L3 and a subsequent intercross to obtain the desired genotype) is optimal when recombination rate is 0.5. Among schemes for pyramiding four genes from four lines (L1, L2, L3 and L4), Scheme I (seperately, a two-way cross between L1 and L2 (L3 and L4) followed by a backcross to L1 (L3) and a subsequent intercross are performed, then the offspring from the two sides are crossed and followed by a backcross to L1 and a subsequent intercross to obtain the desired genotype) is optimal when the recombination rate ranges from 0.1 to 0.4, while Scheme F (cross and subsequent intercross between the four lines are performed successively) is the optimal when the recombination rate is 0.5. We also disscuss how the animals' reproductive capacity, the probabilities of obtaining the desired genotypes and genetic distance between adjacent genes would affect the design of an optimal scheme.     

粘虫不同发育期体内储存蛋白的检测及苦皮藤素Ⅴ对其含量的影响

采用PAGE和SDS-PAGE以及Western blot 的方法,分析了粘虫Mythimna separata幼虫、蛹及成虫体内的储存蛋白。结果表明,粘虫体内存在两种储存蛋白,其中一种为SP-1,即幼虫特异性储存蛋白,从6龄粘虫幼虫的2日龄开始出现在血淋巴中,到末日龄时达到峰值,停止取食后从血淋巴中消失;另一种为SP-3,在化蛹时开始出现在脂肪体中,一直到成虫期仍可持续表达,因此属于持续性储存蛋白。SP-1为分子量约94 kD和100 kD的2种亚基组成的蛋白质,而SP-3为分子量约94 kD的1种亚基组成的蛋白质。SP-1含8.16%的芳香类氨基酸,3.06%的甲硫氨酸。经苦皮藤素Ⅴ亚致死剂量处理5龄粘虫幼虫后的6龄2、3、4日龄粘虫幼虫体内储存蛋白的含量明显低于对照组,对5日龄后粘虫处理组和对照组体内储存蛋白的含量及雌性成虫产卵量没有明显影响。     

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate autophagy in Drosophila

Heparan sulfate-modified proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important regulators of signaling and molecular recognition at the cell surface and in the extracellular space. Disruption of HSPG core proteins, HS-synthesis, or HS-degradation can have profound effects on growth, patterning, and cell survival. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction provides a tractable model for understanding the activities of HSPGs at a synapse that displays developmental and activity-dependent plasticity. Muscle cell-specific knockdown of HS biosynthesis disrupted the organization of a specialized postsynaptic membrane, the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR), and affected the number and morphology of mitochondria. We provide evidence that these changes result from a dysregulation of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy). Cellular and molecular markers of autophagy are all consistent with an increase in the levels of autophagy in the absence of normal HS-chain biosynthesis and modification. HS production is also required for normal levels of autophagy in the fat body, the central energy storage and nutritional sensing organ in Drosophila. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that HS-dependent regulation of autophagy occurs non-cell autonomously, consistent with HSPGs influencing this cellular process via signaling in the extracellular space. These findings demonstrate that HS biosynthesis has important regulatory effects on autophagy and that autophagy is critical for normal assembly of postsynaptic membrane specializations.     

Induction of the differentiation of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line by succinoyl trehalose lipids

Four analogs of succinoyl trehalose lipid-3 (STL-3)with saturated even-number or odd-number carbonchains, and unsaturated or halogenated fatty acidswere examined for their ability to inhibit the growthand induce the differentiation of HL-60 humanpromyelocytic leukemia cells. The optimalconcentration of STL-3 at which such activities wererecognized was closed to the critical micelleconcentration of STL-3. Analog of STL-3 witheven-number or odd-number carbon chain and unsaturatedfatty acids strongly inhibited growth and induced thedifferentiation of HL-60 cells, as evaluated in termsof nitroblue tetrazilium-reducing activity and theappearance of the CD36 antigen. An analog of STL-3with halogenated fatty acids significantly inhibitedproliferation but only induced the differentiation ofHL-60 cells. Our results indicate that the effects ofSTL-3 and its analogs on HL-60 cells depend on thestructure of the hydrophobic moiety of STL-3.These authors contributed equally to this work