螺旋粉虱对不同波长发光二极管的趋光反应

螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses Russell是很多果树和观赏植物的重要害虫.本文应用六角体装置研究了螺旋粉虱成虫对6种波长发光二极管(LED)的趋性反应,这些LED分别为:紫(405 nm);蓝(461 nm);绿(519 nm);黄(570 nm);红(650 nm)和红外(850 nm).结果表明紫光LED(405 nm)对螺旋粉虱的吸引率显著高于其它波长的LED,两性间没有显著的差异.短波长较长波长的可见光对螺旋粉虱更具吸引力.研究结果可为提高灯诱对螺旋粉虱的吸引率提供依据.     

丽蝇蛹集金小蜂气味结合蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

利用RACE技术,首次从丽蝇蛹集金小蜂Nasonia vitripennis中克隆获得一个气味结合蛋白全长cDNA序列.该基因全长553 bp,开放阅读框411 bp,3'和5'端非编码序列分别为13 bp和129 bp.其推导的氨基酸序列编码136个氨基酸,推测编码蛋白质的分子量为15.4 kDa,等电点为8.76.同源性比对分析发现,丽蝇蛹集金小蜂气味结合蛋白基因与现已报道的其它昆虫气味结合蛋白基因在氨基酸水平上的相似性均低于30%,拥有6个保守半胱氨酸位点等气味结合蛋白所具有的典型特征.系统进化树分析表明,丽蝇蛹集金小蜂气味结合蛋白与意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera气味结合蛋白2,3,4,5,6,7,8和12聚为同一族,与意大利蜜蜂气味结合蛋白5,6和8的进化程度最近.RT-PCR分析表明,丽蝇蛹集金小蜂气味结合蛋白基因不仅在雌、雄成虫触角中高度表达,而且在头部和足中有微弱表达.     

广东地区春季大豆节肢动物种类调查分析

对广东地区大豆田节肢动物进行了系统调查.结果表明,广东地区春季大豆节肢动物物种十分丰富,共计3纲15目93科201种.其中植食性害虫分属于8目38科78种,捕食性天敌8目28科71种,寄生性天敌2目9科14种,中性昆虫4目19科38种.     

Hypomania: a transcultural perspective

This study examined the transcultural robustness of a screening instrument for hypomania, the Hypomania Checklist-32, first revised version (HCL-32 R1). It was carried out in 2606 patients from twelve countries in five geographic regions (Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe, South America and East Asia). In addition, GAMIAN Europe contributed data from its members. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the transregional stability of the measurement properties of the HCL-32 R1, including the influence of sex and age as covariates. Across cultures, a two-factor structure was confirmed: the first factor (F1) reflected the more positive aspects of hypomania (being more active, elated, self-confident, and cogni-tively enhanced); the second factor (F2) reflected the more negative aspects (being irritable, impulsive, careless, more substance use). The measurement properties of the HCL-32 R1 were largely invariant across cultures. Only few items showed transcultural differences in their relation to hypomania as measured by the test. F2 was higher among men and in more severe manic syndromes; F1 was highest in North and East Europe and lowest in South America. The scores decreased slightly with age. The frequency of the 32 items showed remarkable similarities across geographic areas, with two excep-tions: South Europeans had lower symptom frequencies in general and East Europeans higher rates of substance use. These findings support the interna-tional applicability of the HCL-32 R1 as a screening instrument for hypomania.     

Controls on body size during the Late Permian mass extinction event

This study examines the morphological responses of Late Permian brachiopods to environmental changes. Quantitative analysis of body size data from Permian–Triassic brachiopods has demonstrated significant, directional changes in body size before, during and after the Late Permian mass extinction event. Brachiopod size significantly reduced before and during the extinction interval, increased for a short time in more extinction‐resistant taxa in the latter stages of extinction and then dramatically reduced again across the Permian/Triassic boundary. Relative abundances of trace elements and acritarchs demonstrate that the body size reductions which happened before, during and after extinction were driven by primary productivity collapse, whereas declining oxygen levels had less effect. An episode of size increase in two of the more extinction‐resistant brachiopod species is unrelated to environmental change and possibly was the result of reduced interspecific competition for resources following the extinction of competitors. Based on the results of this study, predictions can be made for the possible responses of modern benthos to present‐day environmental changes.     

绞股蓝鲨烯环氧酶基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已报道植物鲨烯环氧酶(squalene epoxidase,SE)基因cDNA序列的保守区域设计引物,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,对绞股蓝SE基因进行克隆及序列分析.结果表明,绞股蓝SE基因cDNA全长为1 818 bp,编码一个由525个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.绞股蓝SE基因编码的氨基酸序列中含有52.4%的非极性疏水性氨基酸,26.1%极性中性氨基酸,9.0%酸性氨基酸,12.6%碱性氨基酸.Blast结果显示,绞股蓝SE基因核苷酸序列与其他已报道的植物SE基因相似性为73%～82%,推导的氨基酸序列相似性为63.2%～79.4%.SE氨基酸序列进化分析发现,绞股蓝SE与绿珊瑚、拟南芥亲缘关系较近.     

CaCl_2对UV-B辐射下菠菜叶片光合特性的影响

以"丹麦旺盛菠菜"为材料,通过UV-B和CaCl2复合处理,测定光合色素含量、Hill反应活力、叶绿素荧光、MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性等参数,探讨了CaCl2对UV-B辐射下菠菜叶片电子传递链和光合膜酶保护系统的影响。结果表明,UV-B处理下,光合色素含量、chl/car、类囊体膜上PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数(qN)、PSII光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),以及Hill反应活力等降低,chla/chlb和MDA含量升高;喷洒CaCl2可不同程度缓解UV-B的伤害。不同处理下,POD、SOD和CAT活性的变化呈现补偿效应。UV-B强度与菠菜叶片PSII功能受损程度呈正相关,CaCl2则主要通过提高chlb含量、类囊体膜上的光量子产量和POD活性,以缓解伤害。重度UV-B辐射下,CaCl2使chlb含量显著提高可能是导致PSII捕光效率提高的重要因素。     

微囊藻毒素在滇池鱼体内的积累水平及分布特征

为了解富营养化水体中鱼体内微囊藻毒素(MC)的积累水平及其分布特征,2003年4月和9月份两次在滇池试验区采集了鲢、鳙和草鱼等鱼种,用ELISA方法对鱼体中肝、肾、空肠、胆、肌肉等不同组织中MC的含量进行了检测。结果表明,MC在所有样品中均能检测到,且主要分布在鱼体的肝肾脏和消化道等器官,而肌肉和非消化道器官中毒素含量相对较低。不同鱼种不同组织对MC的富集程度也明显不同,鲢鳙中肝脏和肾脏这两个主要的靶器官对MC的蓄积能力就远高于草鱼。同时,不同季节MC在鱼体内的积累水平也明显不同,4月份鱼样中MC的含量普遍低于9月份鱼样中MC的含量。最后按照WHO生活饮用水安全标准的建议进行推算,所有鱼肉中的MC均没有超过其推荐的人体每日可允许摄入量(≤0.04μg/kg人体重),初步推断鱼肉中MC暂时还未危及到人体健康,但仍具有潜在的风险性。     

兴奋性氨基酸受体的激活介导冷水应激诱导的tau蛋白磷酸化

为探讨兴奋性神经传递系统是否参与冷水应激引起的tau蛋白磷酸化,将小鼠于4℃冷水应激5min.采用免疫印迹和免疫组织化学方法分析应激后脑内c-fos和磷酸化tau蛋白的表达情况;运用HPLC检测冷水应激后小鼠脑内兴奋性或抑制性神经递质的变化;同时分析兴奋性氨基酸受体和L-型钙通道拮抗剂预处理后冷水应激小鼠脑内磷酸化tau蛋白的水平.冷水应激后1h,海马内磷酸化tau蛋白的水平显著升高,同时伴c-fos的染色增加.HPLC检测显示,兴奋性和抑制性神经递质呈现急剧上升而后又下降的趋势.冷水应激后15min,天冬氨酸和甘氨酸水平显著升高,1h后天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、牛磺酸和γ-氨基丁酸显著下降.NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801(5mg/kg)和AMPA受体拮抗剂DNQX(0.5,5mg/kg)可显著抑制冷水应激引起的磷酸化tau蛋白水平的升高,代谢性谷氨酸受体拮抗剂MAP-4不影响tau蛋白的磷酸化,另外,L-型钙通道阻断剂尼莫地平可抑制冷水应激引起的磷酸化tau蛋白水平的升高.这些结果表明,冷水应激可影响兴奋性神经传递系统,通过离子型兴奋性氨基酸受体和异常神经激活来调节tau蛋白的磷酸化.兴奋性神经传递系统的激活在冷水...     

靶向增殖细胞核抗原shRNA的构建及其对HepG2细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

为了探讨抑制增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)基因表达对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,将前期筛选出的最佳siRNA序列转化为能表达其小发夹结构RNA(smallhairpinRNAs,shRNA)的DNA序列,并与pSilencer2.0-U6质粒定向连接,构建靶向PCNA基因的siRNA真核表达载体pShPCNA,经DNA测序证实与设计完全一致.随后采用WST法及克隆形成抑制观察细胞增殖抑制情况、划痕实验来观察细胞迁移能力,流式细胞术、Hoechest33258染色、细胞线粒体膜电位改变检测细胞凋亡.在转染HepG2细胞48h后,pShPCNA组细胞PCNAmRNA表达明显下调,并出现明显的增殖抑制作用,明显抑制细胞克隆的形成和细胞的迁移力,且呈剂量-效应关系.流式细胞术检测发现:pShPCNA组细胞明显阻滞于G0/G1期,并出现明显的亚二倍体凋亡峰,出现明显的早期凋亡细胞群.荧光显微镜检测表明,细胞线粒体膜电位降低,并且细胞出现核固缩、凋亡小体等凋亡形态学变化.上述结果表明,成功构建了靶向PCNA基因的siRNA真核表达载体pShPCNA,pShPCNA转染HepG2细胞48h后,能够显著抑制细胞的生长增...