Therapeutic effectiveness of orally administered transgenic low-alkaloid tobacco expressing human interleukin-10 in a mouse model of colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a spectrum of diseases in which inflammation leads to acute and chronic gut injury. It is a growing health issue for which no cure exists. The pathogenesis is multifactorial with links to infectious and environmental events that trigger disease in genetically predisposed individuals. Treatment of the two major forms of IBD, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involves the reduction of inflammation with toxic immunosuppressive drugs or blocking of the pro-inflammatory effects of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with antibodies. Here, we show that the oral administration of transgenic low-alkaloid tobacco expressing the contra-inflammatory cytokine human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) reduces the severity of colitis by down-regulating TNF-α expression directly at the sites of inflammation in IBD-susceptible IL-10^−/– mice. hIL-10 expressed in plants is biologically active and displays resistance to gastrointestinal degradation. Dietary supplementation with plant tissue delivering up to 9 µg of hIL-10 daily for 4 weeks was well tolerated by treated mice. Gut histology was significantly improved relative to controls ( P =  0.002), and was correlated with a decrease in small bowel TNF-α mRNA levels and an increase in IL-2 and IL-1β mRNA levels. Transgenic plants expressing IL-10 to directly attenuate TNF-α expression at sites of inflammation in the gut may become a useful new approach in the luminal therapy of IBD.     

迷迭香酸抗穿透支原体脂蛋白诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的作用研究

探讨迷迭香酸对穿透支原体脂蛋白诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法:以穿透支原体脂蛋白损伤RAW264．7细胞为模型,用MTT法检测细胞存活状况,DNA片断化分析观察穿透支原体脂蛋白对RAW264．7细胞DNA降解的影响,碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。结果:7．5mg/L穿透支原体脂蛋白可引起RAW264．7细胞存活率降低,出现细胞凋亡特征性“DNA梯带”,流式细胞术检测细胞出现凋亡亚G1期峰,凋亡率为31．9%;100μmol/L迷迭香酸预处理1小时后可以升高RAW264．7细胞的存活率,凋亡细胞特征性的梯状梯带消失,细胞凋亡亚G1期峰消失,并使RAW264．7细胞的凋亡率下降为7．9%。结论:迷迭香酸有抗穿透支原体脂蛋白诱导RAW264．7细胞凋亡的作用。     

蜂毒肽在磷脂膜上取向的高效液相色谱和质谱研究

利用脂质体模型系统研究了跨膜电位对蜂毒肽在磷脂磷上取向的影响,采用高效液相色谱与质谱技术相结合方法,分析了蜂毒肽与磷脂膜作用后的胰蛋白酶酶解产物,结果发现,当蜂毒肽分子与没有跨膜电位的脂质体结合后,它的所有酶切位点都能够酶有效切断,当蜂毒肽与带负向膜电全的脂质体结合后,其Ｎ端的一个酶切位点被封闭,从而说明跨膜电位造成了蜂毒肽在膜上的重瓣取向。     

大连长山群岛海岸带沉积物微生物群落结构特征

【目的】为揭示海岸带微生物群落结构在人类活动影响下的分布差异及对环境因子变化的响应趋势,【方法】本实验采用t-RFLP和DGGE技术,对大连长山群岛不同功能类型海岸潮间带沉积物中的微生物群落结构特征进行比对和分析,并通过16S rRNA基因文库解析养殖污染站位的微生物群落结构特征。【结果】T-RFLP的t-RF分析显示,养殖污染严重站位的微生物丰度、香农指数和均匀度明显高于其它站位。通过对t-RFLP色谱峰和DGGE图谱聚类分析发现,处于旅游区的2个站位微生物群落结构相似度较高,养殖区随污染程度加重与旅游区的群落结构差异增大。对污染严重站位建立的克隆文库显示变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌群,其中γ-变形菌门是主要存在的亚门微生物。【结论】T-RFLP和DGGE技术从不同方面反映了环境中的微生物群落结构特征,研究结果表明养殖污染区的微生物群落结构发生明显变化,其影响大于地理隔离效应,污染严重区域的微生物群落中存在大量肠杆菌属,且多个物种与富营养化和赤潮相关联,如拟杆菌门和α-变形细菌红细菌目的细菌。     

大口鲇微卫星标记在三个鲇形目鱼类种群间适用性研究

研究分析了12对大口鲇(Silurus meriaionalis)微卫星标记引物在兰州鲇(Silurus lanzhouensis)、鲇(Silurus asotus)及革胡子鲇(Clarias fuscus)各群体间通用性。结果表明,大口鲇微卫星标记引物除位点DQ223147、DQ223160扩增无特异性条带,位点DQ223149、DQ223159无多态性外,其余8对在这几种鲇形目鱼类中具有较高的通用性,每个位点等位基因数为2—15个不等;不同重复拷贝类别的位点以富含AC重复单元的等位基因数较多,多态性比较丰富。4个群体平均观测杂合度为0.7571,平均期望杂合度为0.6870,平均多态性信息含量0.6441,均为高度多态,说明这8个位点适用于鲇形目鱼类的遗传学研究。采用Nei’s遗传距离(D)绘制NJ系统发育树,4个群体聚成两大类,兰州鲇与鲇群体先聚类后和大口鲇聚为一大类,革胡子鲇聚为另一大类。8个有效微卫星位点中3个具有特异基因型的稀有等位基因位点(DQ223146、DQ223151与DQ223173),可区分4种鲇形目鱼类,作为其种质鉴定的标记位点。借用已有鲇形目鱼类遗传标记资源,增加同目鱼类遗传连锁图谱上遗传标记的密度,将对今后开展鲇形目鱼类种质资源保护及分子育种奠定坚实基础。       

Antiosteoporotic flavonoids from Podocarpium podocarpum

A novel bi-isoflavonoid, podocarnone (1), together with five known flavonoids, namely genistein (2), afzelin (3), astragalin (4), luteolin (5) and pratensein (6), were isolated from the whole plants of Podocarpium podocarpum (DC.) Yang and Huang for the first time. The structure of podocarnone (1) was elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their proliferative effects on osteoblasts derived from neonatal rat calvaria and inhibitory effects on multinucleated osteoclasts from rat marrow cells so as to explore the antiosteoporotic activity of these components. Podocarnone (1) exhibited potent stimulatory effects on osteoblastic proliferation and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity, and significantly inhibited the activity of osteoclastic TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) in the low concentration range of 10^?12–10^?14 mol/L, which were equivalent to the activity of genistein (2) in the concentration range of 10^?7–10^?9 mol/L. The other five known flavonoids also showed varied degrees of antiosteoporotic activities, and structure–activity relationship analysis revealed the number of phenolic rings contained in these structures maybe responsible for the antiosteoporosis property.     

手术室术前访视应用ipad对访视效果影响的研究

目的：探讨术前访视应用ipad在术前访视中对手术患者心理状态的影响。方法：将300例择期手术患者随机分为对照组（150例）和实验组（150例）,对照组采用常规术前访视方案;实验组在此基础上结合ipad展示围术期相关信息,采用焦虑自量表评估两组病人入院时和入手术室时的焦虑状况及血压、心率等指标,并且进行术后并发症和满意度的调查。结果：改良术前访视后焦虑评分、收缩压、舒张压、心率实验组明显低于对照组。结论：术前访视应用ipad可明显减轻手术病人术前的焦虑。     

江西黄岗山黄腹角雉种群食性研究

2004年5月至2012年6月,在江西武夷山国家级自然保护区（黄岗山）采用野外观察和笼养观察法,对黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti)的食物构成和习性进行了研究。研究期间共记录到黄腹角雉采食物种78种(类),其中,高等植物39科65属74种,伞菌目(Agaricales)口蘑科(Tricholomataceae)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)蚁科(Formicidae) 、蜘蛛目(Araneae)园蛛科(Araneidae)和蜻蜓目(Odonata)各1种。显示黄腹角雉为植食性、食谱广泛的雉类,采食习性学习能力和环境适应性强,在不同环境条件下行为有较大的差异。     

肺炎支原体感染对川崎病的影响及机制探讨

目的 分析肺炎支原体感染对川崎病的影响及其机制,以期指导临床诊疗。 方法 回顾性分析2013年8月至2018年8月我科住院的496例川崎病患儿临床资料,其中合并肺炎支原体感染组193例,未合并肺炎支原体感染组303例。应用倾向评分匹配法1∶1校正2组的年龄、性别、是否为不完全型川崎病、是否使用糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白使用时间、丙种球蛋白使用方法和阿司匹林初始剂量,比较2组患儿的总发热天数、冠状动脉直径、冠状动脉扩张发生率、冠状动脉瘤发生率和丙种球蛋白无反应发生率。 结果 川崎病合并肺炎支原体感染组男性患儿多,更易发生颈部淋巴结肿大,年龄、中性粒细胞百分比、血沉和低密度脂蛋白高于川崎病未合并肺炎支原体感染组,血钾、血钙、高密度脂蛋白和白蛋白低于川崎病未合并肺炎支原体感染组,差异有统计学意义(均P2=5.516,P结论 肺炎支原体感染可能引起川崎病患儿脂质代谢及电解质的紊乱,其炎症反应更强,持续时间更长,对冠状动脉损伤更大。