牙齿发育不全的分子遗传学研究进展

牙齿发育不全是一类十分常见的人类颅面部发育异常.目前的研究表明,其病因与遗传因素、环境因素及后天因素都有关联.加之,牙齿发育的分子遗传学机制已然成为现代分子生物学的研究热点.本文就牙齿发育的简要过程、分子机制和牙齿发育不全的最新分子遗传学研究进展方面作一综述.     

人质子感知受体G2A和OGR1在低氧性肺动脉高压患者外周血细胞中的表达

目的：检测人质子感知受体G蛋白偶联受体2A （G2A）和卵巢癌G蛋白偶联受体1（OGR1）在低氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）患者外周血细胞中的变化。方法：研究对象选取31例HPH患者为低氧性肺动脉高压组（HPH组）,男性16例,女性15例,年龄（65.19 ±5.86）岁。同时符合中华医学会呼吸病学分会慢性阻塞性肺疾病学组诊断标准和呼吸衰竭诊断标准,选取30例健康体检者为正常组（NC组）,男15例,女15例,年龄（63.47 ±6.16）岁。心脏彩超计算HPH组肺动脉压力、进行血气分析和肺功能检测,采集外周血检测G2A、OGR1基因mRNA表达水平、血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平。结果：HPH组PaCO₂较NC组明显增高（P<0.05）,1 s用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比（FEV1pro%）和1 s用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值（FEV1/FVC）明显低于NC组（P<0.05）。HPH组外周血中G2A mRNA及TNF-α含量明显高于NC组（P<0.05）。OGR1 mRNA与NC组无差别。HPH组G2A mRNA及TNF-α表达与肺动脉压力呈显著正相关。结论：肺动脉高压患者外周血细胞中质子感知受体G2A表达增加,TNF-α水平增加,G2A的表达和TNF-α水平与肺动脉压力呈明显正相关。     

Two genetically distinct units of Sinomanglietia glauca (Magnoliaceae) detected by chloroplast PCR‐SSCP

Sinomanglietia glauca is a critically endangered species described from Jiangxi Province in the 1990s. Recently two populations were discovered from Yongshun County of west Hunan Province, about 450 km away from those in Jiangxi. Because of the new findings and the poor reproducibility inherent to RAPD and ISSR markers of previous studies, the population structure of this rare species was reanalyzed with chloroplast PCR‐SSCP (single‐stranded conformation polymorphism), including all of four recorded populations. The results showed that two distinct haplotypes characterized Jiangxi and Hunan populations separately, with no genetic variation occurring within regions. We postulated that this surprising pattern might result from habitat fragmentation and demographic bottlenecks during and/or after the Quaternary glaciation. On the basis of the pronounced genetic structure, two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) were recommended for effective conservation of S. glauca.     

手术室护士对外科手消毒相关知识的认知状况调查分析

目的:了解手术室护士对外科手消毒相关知识的认知状况,为手术室管理者提供护士掌握外科手消毒知识的整体水平,以全面提高外科手消毒的效果。方法:自行设计的问卷对哈尔滨市8家三级甲等综合性医院手术室护士进外科手消毒相关知识的认知调查。结果:目前手术室护士掌握外科手消毒相关知识的状况不容乐观,共20个被调查问题,回答正确率平均为49.85%;工作年限、第一学历、职称、学习过《医务人员手卫生规范》、消毒重要性的认识对答题结果的影响具有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为工作年限时间越长、第一学历越低、职称越高、学习过《医务人员手卫生规范》的、认为外科手术消毒重要的护士理论知识掌握情况越好。结论:被调查者自主学习较差,手术室管理者应当注重和加强手术室护士的外科手消毒专题学习培训与考核,理论与实践相结合,不断探索长期、可持续的培训教育模式,管理者制定与临床工作相结合并且适合不同学历背景和年资护士的培训方式和学习计划。充分调动护士的自我管理意识,建立外科手消毒"品管圈",分析和解决问题,使手术室的护理质量在持续的改进中得到不断提高。     

两阶段搅拌转速控制策略发酵生产聚唾液酸

目的:优化聚唾液酸发酵过程的搅拌转速.方法:比较不同搅拌转速对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli K235分批发酵生产聚唾液酸过程的影响.结果:根据发酵前、后期菌体细胞比生长速率和聚唾液酸比合成速率达到最大值所需搅拌转速的不同,提出了两阶段搅拌转速控制策略:发酵前期(0～15h)控制搅拌转速500r/min,发酵中后期控制搅拌转速700r/min.结论:两阶段搅拌转速控制策略使聚唾液酸产量达到3 966mg/L,比恒定搅拌转速500r/min和700r/min分别提高了31.8%和49.3%.将两阶段搅拌转速控制策略与分批补料发酵技术结合,聚唾液酸产量提高到5 108mg/L,山梨醇的转化率达到0.12g/g.     

Quantifying soil organic carbon in complex landscapes: an example of grassland undergoing encroachment of woody plants

The invasion of woody plants into grass‐dominated ecosystems has occurred worldwide during the past century with potentially significant impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, ecosystem carbon sequestration and global climate warming. To date, most studies of tree and shrub encroachment impacts on SOC have been conducted at small scales and results are equivocal. To quantify the effects of woody plant proliferation on SOC at broad spatial scales and to potentially resolve inconsistencies reported from studies conducted at fine spatial scales, information regarding spatial variability and uncertainty of SOC is essential. We used sequential indicator simulation (SIS) to quantify spatial uncertainty of SOC in a grassland undergoing shrub encroachment in the Southern Great Plains, USA. Results showed that both SOC pool size and its spatial uncertainty increased with the development of woody communities in grasslands. Higher uncertainty of SOC in new shrub‐dominated communities may be the result of their relatively recent development, their more complex above‐ and belowground architecture, stronger within‐community gradients, and a greater degree of faunal disturbance. Simulations of alternative sampling designs demonstrated the effects of spatial uncertainty on the accuracy of SOC estimates and enabled us to evaluate the efficiency of sampling strategies aimed at quantifying landscape‐scale SOC pools. An approach combining stratified random sampling with unequal point densities and transect sampling of landscape elements exhibiting strong internal gradients yielded the best estimates. Complete random sampling was less effective and required much higher sampling densities. Results provide novel insights into spatial uncertainty of SOC and its effects on estimates of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystem and suggest effective protocol for the estimating of soil attributes in landscapes with complex vegetation patterns.     

新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)超低温保存及其植株再生

以新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii（Lebed.）M．Roem.）无菌试管苗为试材,对其离体茎尖玻璃化超低温保存的影响因素进行研究。结果表明,新疆野苹果茎尖在含有5％二甲基亚砜（DMSO）的0．4mol／L蔗糖培养基上预培养3d,60％玻璃化溶液（PVS2）中室温装载30min,PVS：0℃下处理40min,经液氮保存至少24h后,转入继代培养基上再培养,成活率和再生率分别为93．3％和86．7％。再生植株生长和分化正常;同时对再生植株进行SSR标记检测,未发现超低温保存前后的DNA谱带存在差异。     

时间序列修订对森林二氧化碳通量的影响

对长白山阔叶红松林2003年生长季的涡动相关实测时间序列进行了去倾修订与超声风速仪倾斜修订,并分析了不同修订方法对森林CO2通量计算值的影响．结果表明,基于未修订时间序列计算得到的森林CO2通量(Fcraw)被高估．线性与非线性去倾对Fcraw的修订量分别为1．6％、1．8％,两者差异很小．平面拟合坐标变换与流线坐标变换对Fcraw的修订量分别为3．7％、4．7％,两者差异较大．对线性去倾后的时间序列分别进行流线坐标变换与平面拟合坐标变换,二者对Fcraw的修订量分别为5．5％与4．6％．建议对时间序列进行线性去倾与平面拟合坐标变换综合修订．     

鄱阳湖湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落功能多样性

于2011年5月分别采集鄱阳湖围垦92、48a和38a的水稻田,退田还湖25a的退耕地以及自然湿地共5个样地的表层土壤,利用Biolog-ECO板技术对土壤微生物群落的单一碳源利用情况进行了测定,并结合群落指数和主成分分析(PCA)对培养72 h土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化进行了分析。结果表明:退耕地和自然湿地土壤微生物群落利用31种碳源的能力较强,来自不同围垦年限的土壤微生物群落利用碳源能力均较弱;且随围垦时间的增长,土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力呈降低的趋势。自然湿地、退耕地与围垦92、38a样地土壤之间存在显著的微生物功能多样性差异;围垦对土壤微生物代谢糖类、羧酸类、氨基酸类物质的影响最为明显。结果提示,围垦改变了湿地土壤微生物群落结构,退田还湖有助于湿地土壤微生物群落结构的恢复。