颈动脉窦区注入枸橼酸钠抑制家兔呼吸的机制

向颈总动脉头端注入枸橼酸钠能使大多数家兔发生呼气性呼吸暂停和呼吸频率变慢。此呼吸抑制效应可被地卡因麻醉颈动脉窦区所消除。切断窦神经不能阻断枸橼酸钠对呼吸的抑制。切断迷走神经窦支则使半数以上家兔的呼吸抑制减弱或消失,而在结状神经节上方切断迷走神经能阻断大多数家兔的呼吸抑制。结果提示,迷走神经窦支是颈动脉窦区感受器传入通路之一,向颈动脉窦区注入枸橼酸钠对呼吸的抑制主要是通过迷走神经传入引起的。     

在北纬24°以南的云南永德县发现白蜡虫自然种群

白蜡虫Ericerus pela Chavannes是我国温带重要的林业资源昆虫,其雄虫所产的蜡是轻、重工业,医药等不可缺少的原料,它又是我国传统的出口物资。 关于中国白蜡虫的分布,王辅(1963,1978)认为:在北纬26°以南地区白蜡虫不适其生存。我们于1982年12月—1983年9月,对云南省永德县进行了考察,其结果如下。     

广西贵县的螟害规律及其预测方法的探讨

1.从广西贵县1958—1964年的七年螟害调查资料,可以将全年螟害的消长趋势,划分为世代递减发生型、世代递增发生型和第三世代多发型等三种螟害发生型。 2.形成三种螟害发生型的原因,主要系由于水稻播植期的早晚与螟虫发生为害的不同组合所致。水稻播植期较早的年份,形成世代递减发生型;播植期较晚的年份,形成世代递增发生型:播植期居中的年份,则形成第三世代多发型。 3.本文根据历史资料,订出早、中、晚播植期的标准,以此标准为坐标图上的横轴,各世代螟害率为纵轴,作出了播种期与螟害型的关系模式图。根据这个模式图,在某年掌握了早稻播种期以后,就可以作出该年螟害发生发展趋势的展望。 4.求算三种螟害发生型各世代之间的螟害增减比值历年平均数,在某年获悉早稻播种期和第一世代实测螟害率以后,就可以根据这个比值平均数,依次推算以后各世代的预测螟害率。 5.关于各世代螟害率的近期预测,本文主张以幼虫虫口密度为依据,求算虫口密度与其所造成螟害率的二次函数曲线方程式,在获得幼虫密度以后,代入方程式来计算近期预测的螟害率。     

镉引起小麦苗逆境乙烯的产生及其和镉的吸收分布的关系

溶液培养小麦幼苗转移至含Cd~(2 )的营养液中,根系乙烯产生较快地增加,约在12h达高峰,然后下降;ACC含量亦呈先升后降的趋势。未和Cd~(2 )溶液直接接触的地上部乙烯亦增加,至36h达高峰,此后急剧下降,而ACG和 MAGC含量持续上升。地上部乙烯的增加,主要是由通过根系运往地上部的镉直接作用的结果,不是根部合成ACG运往地上部后再产生的。电镜观察表明,地上部乙烯产生和ACC含量变化的时间进程,可以与镉进入叶细胞内的部位及其对细胞膜和细胞器的影响相联系。     

Crystal structure of plakalbumin, a proteolytically nicked form of ovalbumin. Its relationship to the structure of cleaved alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor

The crystal structure of plakalbumin, a proteolytically nicked form of ovalbumin, has been determined to a resolution of 2.8 A by the isomorphous replacement method and preliminary refinement. The structure closely resembles that of the cleaved form of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, with some important exceptions. The disposition of the new carboxyl chain terminus liberated by proteolysis is different with respect to the central beta-sheet A in the structures of these two molecules. In alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, the new chain terminus inserts in beta-sheet A to add a middle strand to the sheet. In plakalbumin, this strand remains free near the site at which the cleavage occurs. A structural basis for this difference in behavior is proposed from the structures and sequences of these two molecules and other members of the serpin family. The structures and positions of the putative signal peptide of ovalbumin, the several post-translational modifications, and the relationship of the intron-exon patterns of plakalbumin and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor to their protein structures are also described.     

隐神经C类纤维传入诱发小脑皮层电反应

当弱刺激只引起隐神经A类纤维传入时,小脑皮层出现A-CEP,由潜伏期为11.8±3.5ms的早成分和312.1±17.5ms的晚成分组成;当强刺激同时引起A类和C类纤维传入时,出现AC-CEP类似A-CEP;用极化电流选择性阻断A类纤维传导后,只让C类纤维传入时,出现潜伏期为134.2±18.4ms的C-CEP。在Ⅵ小叶蚓部原裂附近C-CEP以正波为主,幅值最大,并在深层位相倒转。C-CEP的潜伏期较长,频率响应较低,幅值较小,随C类纤维传入量而变化,且对镇痛剂较敏感。结果表明C-CEP是由单纯C类纤维传入引起的,在小脑皮层内产生,是小脑皮层对慢痛信息传入的反应。提示C类纤维传入可以到达小脑皮层,引起诱发电位。当A和C类纤维同时传入时,C-CEP不出现,可能是被A类纤维传入所抑制。     

甘蔗幼叶切段培养中的体细胞胚胎发生

本文从形态学和组织学方面研究了甘蔗幼叶胚性愈伤组织发生及体细胞胚胎的形成过程。甘蔗幼叶片切段培养于含2.4—D1.5mg/1的MS培养基上,4—6天后切段开始形成愈伤组织,约10天后愈伤组织表面出现白色颗粒状结构。将含有白色颗粒状结构的愈伤组织转移至不含激素的培养基中,7—10天后可见有小植株长出。组织学和形态学观察表明,甘蔗离体再生植株是通过体细胞胚胎发生途径。     

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor regulates phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D in canine brain

The hydrolytic activity of phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D in the synaptosomes from canine brain was examined using a radiochemical assay with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoryl[3H]choline as the exogenous substrate. The involvement of G protein(s) in regulation of this enzyme was demonstrated by a 2- to 3-fold stimulation of the basal activity (4.81 +/- 0.44 nmol choline released/mg protein/h) with guanosine 5'-(3-O-thiol)triphosphate (GTP gamma S), guanyl-5'-yl-(beta, gamma-methylene)diphosphonate, aluminum fluoride, or cholera toxin. The stimulation of phospholipase D hydrolytic activity by GTP gamma S was inhibited by 2 mM guanosine 5'-(2-O-thiol)diphosphate. GTP gamma S at the maximum stimulatory concentration (10 microM) had an additive effect on the maximum cholera toxin stimulation of phospholipase D activity. However, the reverse was not true, thus indicating the possibility that more than one G protein may be involved. Furthermore, cholinergic agonists, including acetylcholine, carbachol, and muscarine, were able to increase the phospholipase D hydrolytic activity at low but not maximally stimulatory concentrations of guanine nucleotide. These cholinergic stimulations were antagonized by atropine, a muscarinic blocker. In addition, O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a protein kinase C activator, was able to stimulate the hydrolytic activity of phospholipase D more than 300% in the presence of 0.2 microM GTP gamma S. However, in the absence of GTP gamma S, stimulation was less than 60%. Our results not only indicate that the receptor-G protein-regulated phospholipase D may be directly responsible for the rapid accumulation of choline and phosphatidic acid in the central nervous system but also reveal that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-G protein-regulated phospholipase D is a novel signal transduction process coupling the neuronal muscarinic receptor to cellular responses.