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Land use induced changes of organic carbon storage in soils of China 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
Using the data compiled from China's second national soil survey and an improved method of soil carbon bulk density, we have estimated the changes of soil organic carbon due to land use, and compared the spatial distribution and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cultivated soils and noncultivated soils in China. The results reveal that ~ 57% of the cultivated soil subgroups ( ~ 31% of the total soil surface) have experienced a significant carbon loss, ranging from 40% to 10% relative to their noncultivated counterparts. The most significant carbon loss is observed for the non‐irrigated soils (dry farmland) within a semiarid/semihumid belt from northeastern to southwestern China, with the maximum loss occurring in northeast China. On the contrary, SOC has increased in the paddy and irrigated soils in northwest China. No significant change is observed for forest soils in southern China, grassland and desert soils in northwest China, as well as irrigated soils in eastern China. The SOC storage and density under noncultivated conditions in China are estimated to ~ 77.4 Pg (1015 g) and ~ 8.8 kg C m?2, respectively, compared to a SOC storage of ~ 70.3 Pg and an average SOC density of ~ 8.0 kg C m?2 under the present‐day conditions. This suggests a loss of ~ 7.1 Pg SOC and a decrease of ~ 0.8 kg C m?2 SOC density due to increasing human activities, in which the loss in organic horizons has contributed to ~ 77%. This total loss of SOC in China induced by land use represents ~ 9.5% of the world's SOC decrease. This amount is equivalent to ~ 3.5 ppmv of the atmospheric CO2 increase. Since ~ 78% of the currently cultivated soils in China have been degraded to a low/medium productivities and are responsible for most of the SOC loss, an improved land management, such as the development of irrigated and paddy land uses, would have a considerable potential in restoring the SOC storage. Assuming a restoration of ~ 50% of the lost SOC during the next 20–50 years, the soils in China would absorb ~ 3.5 Pg of carbon from the atmosphere. 相似文献
64.
WU Zhishan Keith R. Hopper Paul J. Ode Roger W. Fuester CHEN Jia-hua George E. Heimpel 《Insect Science》2003,10(2):81-93
Abstract In haplodiploid Hymenoptera, unfertilized eggs produce haploid males while fertilized eggs lead to diploid females under most circumstances. Diploid males can also be produced from fertilization under a system of sex determination known as complementary sex determination (CSD). Under single-locus CSD, sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single sex locus. Individuals heterozygous at the sex locus are female while hemizygous and homozygous individuals develop as haploid and diploid males, respectively. In multiple-locus CSD, two or more loci, each with two or more alleles, determine sex. Diploid individuals are female if one or more sex loci are heterozygous, while a diploid is male only if homozygous at all sex loci. Diploid males are known to occur in 43 hymenopteran species and single-locus CSD has been demonstrated in 22 of these species. Diploid males are either developmentally inviable or sterile, so their production constitutes a genetic load. Because diploid male production is more likely under inbreeding, CSD is a form of inbreeding depression. It is crucial to preserve the diversity of sex alleles and reduce the loss of genetic variation in biological control. In the parasitoid species with single-locus CSD, certain precautionary procedures can prevent negative effects of single-locus CSD on biological control. 相似文献
65.
以质粒pRK404为载体亚克隆含大豆根瘤菌吸氢酶结构基因(hup)的片段,构建成嵌合质粒pHR11、pHR4和pHR10。通过三亲本杂交将这些嵌合质粒导入无吸氢活性的Rhodobactersphaeroides241菌株(Hup-),均获得Hup+的接合子。利用启动子检测质粒pMP220证明,在hup对结构基因上游1.2kb内存在hup启动基因片段。以pRK2013为助质粒可将pHR11导入Enterobactercloacae和Klebsiellaoxytoca等土壤固氮菌株。本文以接合子E.cloacaeEH1113为例,通过对基因组DNASouthern杂交分析证明,嵌合质粒pHR11在EH1113中稳定贮存和复制。H2诱导接合子EH1113吸氢酶活性高表达,吸氢活性与放氢活性比值约为对照的两倍。当以延胡索酸为电子受体时,吸氢酶的吸氢作用支持菌株固氮酶活性的提高。 相似文献
66.
蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A_2基因的克隆 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从蝮蛇毒腺中抽提总RNA.利用人工合成寡核苷酸引物作逆转录,以cDNA为模板进行体外扩增,获得磷脂酶A2(简称PLA2)基因,克隆至pBS-ks载体中。通过对3个碱性PLA2(简称BPLA2)基因单独克隆分别作DNA全序列分析,推导pro-BPLA2由138个氨基酸残基构成,与已测定的部分氨基酸序列比较,基本相符。该基因成功的克隆,不仅推导出BPLA2的蛋白质全序列,也为进一步开展蛇毒功能肽蛋白质工程的研究工作打下了良好的基础。 相似文献
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六种鼠苹果酸脱氢酶,血浆蛋白质和血红蛋白的变异分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文分析了家鼠属(Rattus)4种鼠和姬鼠属(Apodemus)2种鼠的苹果酸脱氢酶、血浆中β1区和β2区蛋白质、血浆清蛋白、前清蛋白以及红细胞中血红蛋白的变异。结果表明,MDH在进化上是比较保守的,其中MDHm和MDHs2带在各鼠间位于同一泳动线上,仅MDHs1带的泳动速度出现属间和种间的微小差异;血浆中β1区和β2区的蛋白质带、清蛋白带以及前清蛋白带各鼠间出现明显的变异,表现为黑线姬鼠和社鼠在β1区出现2种多态型区带,褐家鼠在β2区也有2种多态型带;各鼠间的血红蛋白变异比较明显,主要表现在区带数和主成分的泳动度显著不同,而且社鼠的Hb出现3种多态型,黄毛鼠出现2种多态型,其余各鼠的Hb皆为单态性。上述16项生化特性按相似和相异进行配对比较,初步表明黄毛鼠与褐家鼠亲缘上比较相近,白腹巨鼠要比其他3种鼠亲缘上更接近于黑线姬鼠,而社鼠与白腹巨鼠之间进化分歧相对地较大。 相似文献
69.
本文记述采自中国山西的星粉蚧属2新种,模式标本保存在山西农大蚧虫研究中心。1.无脐星粉蚧Heliococcusacirculus,新种(图1)本新种与H.BaotouiTang,1988为本属中无腹脐者。两种的区别在于后种星管腺2种,且多;而新种星管腺1种,且少。正模♀,蒿(Artemisiasp.),山西沁水,1995-Ⅶ-21,武三安采;副模12♀♀,同正模;5♀♀,青蒿(Artemisiaapiacea),其它同正模2.苜蓿星粉蚧Heliococcusmedicagicola,新种(图2)本新种与H.pavlovskiBorchseniusetTereznikova,1959相近,其区别在于新种星管腺少,只在后体部存在,而后种星管腺多,在体背缘成纵列。正模♀,苜蓿(Medicagosativa),山西沁水,1995-Ⅶ-22,武三安采;副模6♀♀,同正模 相似文献
70.
光亲和标记鉴定玉米根脱落酸结合蛋白 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
光亲和标记鉴定玉米根脱落酸结合蛋白吴忠义,陈珈,朱美君(北京农业大学生物学院,100094)关键词结合蛋白;光亲和标记;ABA;受体;微粒体脱落酸(ABA)作为一大类植物激素,在高等植物的生长发育以及对逆境的适应过程中发挥着重要作用。在探讨激素作用的... 相似文献