陕南早寒武世具口部的磷酸盐化Punctatus及其胚胎化石

报道陕西南部灯影组宽川铺段地层中发现的Punctatus锥体标本、保留精美软组织特征的口部标本和可能的胚胎标本。对Punctatus软组织及整体形态功能研究表明,Punctatus在分类上可能更接近于腔肠动物的水螅型,代表初具原始触手的腔肠动物早期演化类型。在上万枚与Punctatus共生的球状化石中,发现若干枚可能的原肠期胚胎及胚胎发育晚期标本,在此基础上提出PunctatusemeiensisHe,1980花冠状口部可能经历的胚胎发育序列。     

藏北申扎地区下石炭统永珠组下部孢子组合的特征及意义

报道藏北申扎永珠区德日昂玛—下拉剖面的永珠组孢子组合,发现孢子43属,70余种(包括未定种)。组合特征如下:1)缺乏欧美植物地理区早石炭世典型的石松类植物的小孢子Lycospora属及早石炭世晚期(维宪期)重要孢子属;2)出现较多早石炭世早期(杜内期),甚至泥盆纪晚期分子。呈现出新老化石的混合现象;3)北半球和南半球孢子的混合组合,同时也是冷、暖微古植物群混合,既有相当于中国早石炭世晚期大塘期以及西欧维宪期典型属种,又有南半球澳大利亚(包括巴西和非洲大陆)的维宪期的典型种。从孢子化石混合现象看,永珠组应为近岸浅水或滨海条件下的沉积,下伏地层的孢子化石再沉积现象说明当时有一次很大的海平面下降,在邻近地区出现了大面积的剥蚀区。说明杜内期末期—维宪期初期,申扎地区出现一次由冈瓦纳大陆冰川发育造成海平面相对下降。形成区域上不整合界面———洛工组或“巴日阿朗寨段”底部的不整合界面。混合孢子组合中的寒冷气候条件下的孢子化石的发现,印证了杨式溥、范影年和林宝玉推断的冈瓦纳冰川自早石炭世维宪期(大塘期)开始就影响到西藏申扎的推论。     

昆明、武定地区早寒武世关山动物群的双瓣壳节肢动物

报道采自昆明、武定地区下寒武统沧浪铺阶乌龙箐组下部黄绿色页岩层中的双瓣壳节肢动物Tuzoia和Isoxys,讨论Tuzoia和Isoxys两属的特征和种群、地质、地理分布、软体附肢、分类位置、古生态及其演化趋势。详细描述关山动物群中Tuzoia和Isoxys的3种(其中2新种):TuzoiasinensisP’an,1957,T.tylodesaLuoetHusp.nov.,IsoxyswudingensisLuoetHusp.nov.,和I.sp.。     

Design,synthesis, and evaluation of chalcone-Vitamin E-donepezil hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A novel series of chalcone-Vitamin E-donepezil hybrids was designed and developed based on multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The biological results revealed that compound 17f showed good AChE inhibitory potency (ratAChE IC₅₀ = 0.41 µM; eeAChE IC₅₀ = 1.88 µM). Both the kinetic analysis and docking study revealed that 17f was a mixed type AChE inhibitor. 17f was also a good antioxidant (ORAC = 3.3 eq), selective metal chelator and huMAO-B inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 8.8 µM). Moreover, it showed remarkable inhibition of self- and Cu²⁺-induced Aβ_1–42 aggregation with a 78.0 and 93.5% percentage rate at 25 µM, respectively, and disassembled self-induced and Cu²⁺-induced aggregation of the accumulated Aβ_1–42 fibrils with 72.3 and 84.5% disaggregation rate, respectively. More importantly, 17f exhibited a good neuroprotective effect on H₂O₂-induced PC12 cell injury and presented good blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro. Thus, 17f was a promising multi-target-directed ligand for treating AD.     

Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Model Based on Three MVI-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

MVI has significant clinical value for treatment selection and prognosis evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to construct a model based on MVI-Related Genes (MVIRGs) for risk assessment and prognosis prediction in patients with HCC. This study utilized various statistical analysis methods for prognostic model construction and validation in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohorts, respectively. In addition, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to analyze and identify the value of the model in our cohort. After the analyses, 153 differentially expressed MVIRGs were identified, and three key genes were selected to construct a prognostic model. The high-risk group showed significantly lower overall survival (OS), and this trend was observed in all subgroups: different age groups, genders, stages, and grades. Risk score was a risk factor independent of age, gender, stage, and grade. Moreover, the ICGC cohort validated the prognostic value of the model corresponding to the TCGA. In our cohort, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that all three genes had higher expression levels in HCC samples than in normal controls. High expression levels of genes and high-risk scores showed significantly lower recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS, especially in MVI-positive HCC samples. Therefore, the prognostic model constructed by three MVIRGs can reliably predict the RFS and OS of patients with HCC and is valuable for guiding clinical treatment selection and prognostic assessment of HCC.     

绿僵菌Ma83几丁质酶的发酵研究

本实验从虫生真菌中筛选出金龟子绿僵菌M a83菌株,它的几丁质酶合成能力最强。其产酶的适宜条件是,碳源为胶体几丁质加葡萄糖,氮源为NaNO3,培养温度为28℃,培养基起始pH 6.0;接种量为5 mL液态种,最适装液量为5 mL,添加维生素C可以提高酶活;正交实验表明培养因子的最佳组合是:NaNO31 g/L,胶体几丁质0.6 g/L,酵母膏0.05 g/L,葡萄糖0.10 g/L。根据液态培养产酶过程结果可知,当M a83菌培养6天时,几丁质酶活力达到8.1 U/mL。     

NKG2D discriminates diverse ligands through selectively mechano‐regulated ligand conformational changes

Stimulatory immune receptor NKG2D binds diverse ligands to elicit differential anti‐tumor and anti‐virus immune responses. Two conflicting degeneracy recognition models based on static crystal structures and in‐solution binding affinities have been considered for almost two decades. Whether and how NKG2D recognizes and discriminates diverse ligands still remain unclear. Using live‐cell‐based single‐molecule biomechanical assay, we characterized the in situ binding kinetics of NKG2D interacting with different ligands in the absence or presence of mechanical force. We found that mechanical force application selectively prolonged NKG2D interaction lifetimes with the ligands MICA and MICB, but not with ULBPs, and that force‐strengthened binding is much more pronounced for MICA than for other ligands. We also integrated steered molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis to reveal force‐induced rotational conformational changes of MICA, involving formation of additional hydrogen bonds on its binding interface with NKG2D, impeding MICA dissociation under force. We further provided a kinetic triggering model to reveal that force‐dependent affinity determines NKG2D ligand discrimination and its downstream NK cell activation. Together, our results demonstrate that NKG2D has a discrimination power to recognize different ligands, which depends on selective mechanical force‐induced ligand conformational changes.     

基于动物学、临床医学跨界研究快速准确诊断1例不明蛇类咬伤的分析

目的 探讨动物学、临床医学跨界研究成果联合运用于快速准确诊断不明蛇类咬伤中的作用及效果.方法 通过回顾性分析1例不明蛇类咬伤患者的临床资料,从病史、动物学生活习性、咬痕鉴别、流行病学、临床表现、蛇类动物学分布6个方面进行剖析不明蛇类咬伤的诊断思路与方法.结果 该例蛇伤患者的病史特征以及诊断与鉴别诊断:(1)病史特征符合...     

Transmission and containment of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern in Guangzhou,China: A population-based study

BackgroundThe first community transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant of concern (VOC) in Guangzhou, China occurred between May and June 2021. Herein, we describe the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak and evaluate the implemented containment measures against this outbreak.Methodology/Principal findingsGuangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention provided the data on SARS-CoV-2 infections reported between 21 May and 24 June 2021. We estimated the incubation period distribution by fitting a gamma distribution to the data, while the serial interval distribution was estimated by fitting a normal distribution. The instantaneous effective reproductive number (R_t) was estimated to reflect the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical severity was compared for cases with different vaccination statuses using an ordinal regression model after controlling for age. Of the reported local cases, 7/153 (4.6%) were asymptomatic. The median incubation period was 6.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.42–6.71) days and the means of serial intervals decreased from 5.19 (95% CI: 4.29–6.11) to 3.78 (95% CI: 2.74–4.81) days. The incubation period increased with age (P<0.001). A hierarchical prevention and control strategy against COVID-19 was implemented in Guangzhou, with R_t decreasing from 6.83 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 3.98–10.44) for the 7-day time window ending on 27 May 2021 to below 1 for the time window ending on 8 June and thereafter. Individuals with partial or full vaccination schedules with BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac accounted for 15.3% of the COVID-19 cases. Clinical symptoms were milder in partially or fully vaccinated cases than in unvaccinated cases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.07–0.94]).Conclusions/SignificanceThe hierarchical prevention and control strategy against COVID-19 in Guangzhou was timely and effective. Authorised inactivated vaccines are likely to contribute to reducing the probability of developing severe disease. Our findings have important implications for the containment of COVID-19.