Physiological Studies of the Boron Requirement of the Diatom, Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin

Cylindrotheca fusiformis, a marine pennate diatom, requiresboron for growth both in the light and in the dark. A syntheticsaline nutrient medium and plastic containers were used to demonstratethe boron requirement. A boron concentration of at least 0.5ppm supports the maximum growth-rate, with a generation timeof approximately 10 hours. Boron concentrations below 0.5 ppmresult in growth at a reduced rate, the effect being most apparentduring the first few days of growth of the culture. The growth-rateis also affected by the initial silicon: boron ratio in themedium, indicating some possible interaction between these twoelements.     

Top-down and bottom-up impacts of juvenile fish in a littoral reed stand

1. Research has often focused on pelagic food chains and processes of lakes; less is known about the contribution of benthic energy flows to whole‐lake ecosystem energetics. This stems from the fact that the shoreline and littoral habitats, which provide a key linkage between sediment and water column, have only recently become a significant focus for study. 2. This study aimed to quantify the feeding and phosphorus allocation of a juvenile fish community in a littoral zone of a shallow lake in response to the biomass succession of the invertebrate prey community. Habitats comprising reed and adjacent open water were sampled over two consecutive years during day and night. 3. Although there were substantial year‐to‐year differences in the biomass of invertebrates, the fish community composition, diet consumption rates and phosphorus allocations were very similar in both study years. Biomasses and predation impacts by juvenile fish on prey groups were substantially higher within the reeds than in the adjacent open water habitat. This may be explained by the refuge‐seeking behaviour of the fish. 4. In general, invertebrates were negligibly influenced by fish feeding, with the exception for a strong top‐down control of large cladocerans. In response to the resulting low Daphnia biomass, fish were forced to switch to a higher degree of benthivory. Consequently, juvenile fish in littoral reed stands may shift benthic‐derived energy and phosphorus via the excretion of soluble reactive phosphorus into the open water.