Glycomic mapping of pseudomucinous human ovarian cyst glycoproteins: identification of Lewis and sialyl Lewis glycotopes

Expression of sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) and sialyl Lewis a (sLe(a)) on cell-surface glycoproteins endows cells with the ability to adhere to E-, P-, and L-selectins present on endothelia, platelets, or leukocytes. Special arrangements of these glycotopes in cancers are thought to play a key role in metastasis. Previous studies have mostly described membrane-bound sLe(x) and sLe(a) activities. In this report, the major O-glycans of the secreted human ovarian cyst sialoglycoproteins from a Le(a+) nonsecretor individual (human ovarian cyst sample 350) were characterized by MS/MS analyses and immuno-/lectin-chemical assays. The results showed that HOC 350 carries a large number of epitopes for sLe(x), sLe(a), and Le(a) reactive antibodies. Advanced MS/MS sequencing coupled with mild periodate oxidation and exoglycosidase digestions further revealed that the O-glycans from HOC 350 are mostly of core 1 and 2 structures, extended and branched on the 3-arm with both type I and type II chains, complete with variable degrees of terminal sialylation and/or fucosylation to yield the sLe(x) or sLe(a) epitopes. Thus, the underlying core and peripheral backbone structures are similar to that of a previously proposed composite structural model for nonsialylated human ovarian cysts O-glycans, but with some notable distinguishing structural features in addition to sialylation.     

Improved production of biosurfactant with newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa S2

An indigenous strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa S2 (P. aeruginosa S2), isolated from diesel-contaminated soil, produced extracellular surface-active material identified as rhamnolipid. Due to its excellent surface activity, rhamnolipid is known to be well-suited for stimulating the bioremediation efficiency of oil contaminated sites. To improve production yield of rhamnolipid with P. aeruginosa S2, various carbon and nitrogen sources were screened to select favorable ones leading to better biosurfactant production yield. It was found that using 4% glucose could attain better rhamnolipid yield, while 50 mM NH4NO3 appeared to be the most preferable nitrogen source. Meanwhile, the effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) on rhamnolipid yield was also investigated, and the optimal C/N ratio was identified as approximately 11.4. Moreover, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the trace element concentration for rhamnolipid production. Results from two-level design indicate that concentrations of MgSO4 and FeSO4 were the most significant factors affecting rhamnolipid production. Using steepest ascent method and RSM analysis, an optimal medium composition was determined, giving a rhamnolipid production yield of 2.37 g/L in 100 h at 37 degrees C and 200 rpm agitation. Scale-up production of rhamnolipid in a well-controlled 5 L jar fermentor using the optimal medium and operating condition (at 37 degrees C and pH 6.8) further elevated the biosurfactant production yield to 5.31 g/L (in 97 h), which is over 2-fold higher than the best results obtained from shake-flask tests.     

昆虫多样性三十年研究进展

当前, 全球昆虫数量和多样性均处于下降趋势, 而导致这一趋势的原因主要包括人为干扰及气候变化。本文基于森林、草地、农业、水生和土壤生态系统, 以植食性、访花、捕食性、寄生性、食果以及食腐昆虫为重点功能昆虫群, 综述了近三十年来国内外昆虫多样性研究领域的主要进展, 并分析了发展趋势。近年来, 昆虫多样性的研究维度不断拓展, 形态多样性研究不断深入, 系统发生多样性、功能多样性和遗传多样性等研究也显著加强。此外, 昆虫多样性研究的空间尺度也逐步扩大, 大尺度区域性研究甚至全球范围的调查持续增长。昆虫进化历史也被引入多样性格局研究中, 并随着系统发生信息学方法的普及而被整合到生态系统建成和生物多样性形成机制研究中。未来需要加强关键昆虫类群整合分类学研究、功能性状多样性、林冠昆虫多样性、互作网络结构等方向的研究。     

微生物技术国家重点实验室(山东大学)

山东大学的微生物学科有着悠久的历史.1950年王祖农教授留法回国,在生物系组建了微生物教研组和微生物学专门化实验室.     

从三羧酸循环代谢异常中探寻癌症进展与治疗新思路

三羧酸循环是有氧生物获得生命活动所需能量的主要途径。整个三羧酸循环的过程需要多种酶的协同作用,产生多种中间代谢产物,以此来维持细胞稳定的生存环境。在众多参与三羧酸循环的酶中,当其中某一种或多种酶的活性发生改变时,就会有新的代谢产物生成,从而改变细胞的命运。该文以三羧酸循环中异柠檬酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和延胡索酸酶的突变所引起的一系列致癌代谢物的积累为切入点,就三羧酸循环中间酶突变引起的表观遗传学改变与肿瘤发生发展的关系进行综述,以期从三羧酸循环代谢异常中,探寻癌症进展与治疗的新思路。     

食源性致病菌核酸标准物质的研究进展

核酸检测试剂盒在微生物快速检测领域飞速发展,使检测过程具有操作简单、成本低、便于现场检测的优势,食源性致病菌核酸检测试剂盒在制备过程中需要通过计量溯源以确保其定性及定量的测量能力。核酸标准物质（nucleic acid reference materials,NARMs）应用于临床卫生、食品、仪器检定/校准以及核酸检测等多个领域,通过片段化分割遗传物质,最大程度地保障生物安全性,满足质量评价和计量溯源的需求,能够对核酸检测试剂盒进行有效质控,为核酸检测试剂盒的量值评价提供精准的“标尺”。综述了我国NARMs的研制方法,重点阐述了目前食源性致病菌的研究现状以及在国家标准物质资源共享平台的应用情况,分析了面临的技术挑战以及未来核酸计量工作发展的可能性,以期为核酸检测行业的早期诊断和防控提供参考。     

胰腺癌免疫系统人源化小鼠模型的构建及评估

目的 构建并评估胰腺癌免疫系统人源化小鼠模型,以期为胰腺癌的免疫治疗研究提供理想的临床前模型。方法 应用Ficoll密度梯度离心法,从健康人外周血中分离出新鲜的单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononucear cells, PBMC),经尾静脉注射植入重度联合免疫缺陷小鼠NCG体内,以构建免疫系统人源化小鼠模型,随后在小鼠皮下植入人胰腺癌细胞系Aspc1,并定期监测肿瘤生长情况,在PBMC植入后第3周,应用断尾法采集小鼠外周血进行流式分析,检测人CD45⁺细胞的水平,当肿瘤生长至100～200 mm³时开始给予抗PD-1单抗治疗,持续治疗3周后,对小鼠施行安乐死并取材,应用流式细胞术、免疫组化等方法分析胰腺癌免疫系统人源化小鼠外周血、脾、骨髓及肿瘤组织中人免疫细胞的浸润及活化情况。结果 植入人PBMC 3周后,在小鼠外周血、脾及骨髓中可检测到较高水平的人CD45⁺细胞;重建的人源免疫系统能够显著抑制人胰腺癌肿瘤的生长(P<0.01,P<0.001),并被人抗PD-1单抗活化,促进肿瘤组织中细...     

神经干细胞应用于CCI创伤性脑损伤模型修复的研究进展

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)作为一种严重颅脑损伤,是造成青壮年死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。重症TBI患者面临严重的神经功能缺失和行为能力障碍,但目前临床上缺乏有效的治疗措施。神经干细胞(NSCs)作为中枢神经系统中的多潜能细胞,可分泌神经营养因子、分化为中枢神经及周围神经系统细胞,在TBI的治疗中发挥重要作用。动物模型研究表明,诱导内源性NSCs和移植外源性NSCs再生神经元均可改善TBI动物模型的颅脑损伤症状。本文选择TBI模型中最精确、最稳定的控制皮质冲击(CCI)模型为研究对象,分别综述了诱导内源性NSCs再生神经元和移植外源性NSCs在CCI模型中的应用进展,以期为TBI治疗提供新的思路。