两种海桐属植物种子油脂肪酸组成的分析评价

采用有机溶剂抽提了海桐属 2种植物 (海桐和皱叶海桐 )的籽油 ,使用气相色谱法 (GC)分析鉴定了其油脂的脂肪酸组分。 2种籽油均含有 6种脂肪酸 ,主要脂肪酸成分均为软脂酸 (C16∶0 )和油酸 (C18∶1)。其含量 ( % )分别为 :软脂酸 (C16∶0 ) 2 9.66,3 4 .72 ;油酸 (C18∶1) 66.4 3 ,62 .54。这两种油脂中 ,单不饱和脂肪酸油酸占优势 ,因而品质优良。提示海桐属植物籽油可作为保健型食用油研究和开发利用     

牙形石Histiodella Hass 四个种的讨论及地层对比意义

作者描述了产自塔里木盆地的HistiodellaHass的四个种,并探讨了它们与中国北方和北美中大陆暖水型牙形石及中国南方和北大西洋冷水型牙形石的对比关系。认为Histiodellasinuosa带对比北美中大陆牙形石动物群3的下部、中国南方Amorphognathusvariabilis带下部和中国北方Aurilobodusleptosomatus-Loxodusdissectus带下部。Histiodellaholodentata带下部相当于中国北方Aurilobodusleptosomatus-Loxodusdissectus带中部或中国南方的Amorphognathusvariabilis带至Eoplacognathussuecicus带的下部。Histiodellakristinae带对比北大西洋区的Eoplacognathussuecicus带中上部和中国北方的Tangshanodustangshanensis带。Histiodellabellburnensis带对比北大西洋区的Eoplacognathussuecicus带的上部到Eoplacognathusfoliaceus带下部。HistiodellaHass与北大西洋区和中国北方区典型牙形石的共同出现可以作为一个桥梁,建立起北美中大陆、北大西洋、塔里木盆地及华北地区牙形石的对比关系。     

The myocardial response to adrenomedullin involves increased cAMP generation as well as augmented Akt phosphorylation

In this work we aimed to observe (1) the changes in adrenomedullin (AM) and its receptor system - calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) - in myocardial ischemic injury and (2) the response of injuried myocardia to AM and the phosphorylation of Akt to illustrate the protective mechanism of AM in ischemic myocardia. Male SD rats were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (ISO) to induce myocardial ischemia. The mRNA levels of AM, CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were determined by RT-PCR. Protein levels of Akt, phosphor-Akt, CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were assayed by Western blot. Results showed that, compared with that of the controls, ISO-treated rats showed lower cardiac function and myocardial injury. The mRNA relative amount of AM, CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 in the myocardia of ISO-treated rats was increased. The elevated mRNA levels of CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were positively correlated with AM content in injured myocardia. The protein levels of CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 in injured myocardia were increased compared with that of control myocardia. AM-stimulated cAMP generation in myocardia was elevated in the ISO group, and was antagonized by AM(22-52) and CGRP(8-37). Western blot analyses revealed that AM significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation in injured myocardia, which was blocked by pretreatment with AM(22-52) or CGRP(8-37). Ischemia-injured myocardia hyper-expressed AM and its receptors - CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 - and the response of ischemic myocardia to AM was potentiated, and the level of Akt phosphorylation was also increased, which suggests that changes in cardiac AM/AM receptor might play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemic injury.     

Apelin activates L-arginine/nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway in rat aortas

Apelin was recently found to be an inotropic polypeptide in isolated rat hearts, and intravenous injection of apelin can induce a transient decrease in blood pressure. To illustrate the mechanism of apelin-induced vasodilation, we observed the in vitro effects of apelin on the L-arginine (L-Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the incubated, isolated rat aorta. Apelin stimulated vascular NO(2)(-) product and NOS activation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Compared with no apelin treatment, incubation with apelin (10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7)mol/L) increased NO(2)(-) product by 33%, 46%, and 69% (all p<0.01), respectively, and Ca(2+)-dependent constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity by 200%, 460%, and 550% (all p<0.01), respectively. However, Ca(2+)-independent NOS (iNOS) activity was not significantly altered (p>0.05). Apelin incubation (10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7)mol/L) increased L-Arg uptake by 130%, 180%, and 240% (all p<0.01), respectively. The mRNA level of cationic amino acid transporters, CAT-1 and CAT-2B, in rat aortic tissues treated with 10(-7)mol/L apelin was increased by 110% and 128%, respectively (both p<0.01). Incubation with 10(-7)mol/L apelin elevated eNOS mRNA and protein levels, by 53% (p<0.05) and 319% (p<0.01), respectively. Collectively, these results demonstrate that apelin directly activated the vascular L-Arg/NOS/NO pathway, which could be one of the important mechanisms of apelin-regulated vascular function.     

An experimentally validated genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH 78578, iYL1228

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae that possesses diverse metabolic capabilities: many strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections that are often refractory to multiple antibiotics, yet other strains are metabolically engineered and used for production of commercially valuable chemicals. To study its metabolism, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model (iYL1228) for strain MGH 78578, experimentally determined its biomass composition, experimentally determined its ability to grow on a broad range of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur sources, and assessed the ability of the model to accurately simulate growth versus no growth on these substrates. The model contains 1,228 genes encoding 1,188 enzymes that catalyze 1,970 reactions and accurately simulates growth on 84% of the substrates tested. Furthermore, quantitative comparison of growth rates between the model and experimental data for nine of the substrates also showed good agreement. The genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for K. pneumoniae presented here thus provides an experimentally validated in silico platform for further studies of this important industrial and biomedical organism.     

肺纤维化初期肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉反应性的变化

目的：观察肺纤维化初期肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉血管反应性的变化。方法：66只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为博莱霉素（BLM）组和手术对照（Sham）组。BLM组为气管内一次性滴注BLM（5 mg/kg）;Sham组为气管内滴注等容量的生理盐水（NS）。应用离体血管张力检测技术测定大鼠肺动脉血管反应性变化;用HE显示肺动脉壁病理形态学变化;Masson染色检测肺纤维化程度;右心漂浮导管技术测定大鼠平均肺动脉压。结果：①BLM组大鼠的肺动脉血管（保留内皮和去内皮）对苯肾上腺素（PE）的收缩反应均弱于Sham组（P均〈0.05）。②BLM组大鼠肺动脉血管（保留内皮）对氯化乙酰胆碱（Ach）的舒张反应明显弱于Sham组（P〈0.01）。③Sham组有内皮的肺动脉血管对L-NAME和PE联合作用的收缩反应明显强于PE单独作用（P〈0.01）,而BLM组有内皮肺动脉血管对L-NAME和PE联合作用的收缩反应与对PE单独作用比,其差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。④BLM组肺动脉内皮细胞脱落。⑤BLM组大鼠肺组织呈现纤维增生初期的病理特征,且大鼠的平均肺动脉压明显高于Sham组（P〈0.05）。结论：肺纤维化形成初期肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉血管反应性出现异常。     

猴头菌丝多糖降血糖作用研究

目的:研究猴头菌丝多糖的降血糖作用。方法:以液体发酵生产的猴头菌丝体为原料,经热水浸提、浓缩、酒精沉淀获得菌丝粗多糖;以常规降糖药物格列本脲为阳性治疗对照,通过四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠糖尿病的预防试验,比较猴头菌丝多糖各剂量与格列本脲的降血糖效果。结果:猴头菌丝多糖得率为7.14%,粗多糖再经Sevage法去除蛋白质,获得猴头菌丝精多糖(HMP),得率为10.92%;猴头多糖高、中、低三个剂量均能有效的对抗四氧嘧啶诱发的高血糖;其中,高剂量的降血糖作用与格列本脲相比,差异极显著。结论:猴头菌丝多糖对四氧嘧啶型高血糖模型小鼠有降血糖作用,作用效果优于格列本脲,对糖尿病小鼠的胰腺具有一定的保护作用。     

Mutation discovery in mice by whole exome sequencing

We report the development and optimization of reagents for in-solution, hybridization-based capture of the mouse exome. By validating this approach in a multiple inbred strains and in novel mutant strains, we show that whole exome sequencing is a robust approach for discovery of putative mutations, irrespective of strain background. We found strong candidate mutations for the majority of mutant exomes sequenced, including new models of orofacial clefting, urogenital dysmorphology, kyphosis and autoimmune hepatitis.     

Nascent high density lipoproteins from liver perfusates of orotic acid-fed rats

Uniformly fatty livers from orotic acid-fed rats secreted almost no very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) but normal amounts of nascent high density lipoproteins (HDL) accumulated in perfusates. When lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was inhibited, nascent HDL were uniformly discoidal and lacked cholesteryl esters. Lipid and apoprotein compositions of nascent HDL from normal and fatty livers were similar whether LCAT was inhibited or not. Apolipoprotein B-100 was not detected in perfusates of uniformly fatty livers, but small amounts of apolipoprotein B-48 were present in HDL2 fractions. Nascent lipoproteins were not seen in Golgi compartments, but lipid-rich particles were clearly evident in endoplasmic reticulum cisternae adjacent to the cis face of the Golgi complex, suggesting that orotic acid blocks VLDL secretion by preventing translocation of nascent particles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cis Golgi compartment. The accumulation of normal amounts of discoidal HDL in liver perfusates despite virtual absence of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in Golgi secretory compartments, the space of Disse, and the perfusate is inconsistent with the concept that nascent HDL are exclusively a product of surface remnants cast off during lipolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas stutzeri</Emphasis> as a novel biocatalyst for pyruvate production from<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps"> DL</Emphasis>-lactate

Pseudomonas stutzeri SDM oxidized dl-lactic acid (25.5 g l^-1) into pyruvic acid (22.6 g l^-1) over 24 h. Both NAD⁺-independent d-lactate dehydrogenase and NAD⁺-independent l-lactate dehydrogenase were found for the first time in the bioconversion of lactate to pyruvate based on the enzyme activity assay and proteomic analysis. Jianrong Hao and Cuiqing Ma contributed equally to this work