宁夏灵武市沟眶象发生特点

系统调查沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis(Olivier)在宁夏灵武市的发生情况和特点发现:沟眶象以成虫和幼虫在土壤中越冬,成虫有2个发生高峰期,越冬结束后以成虫越冬的沟眶象出土出现第1个高峰期,以幼虫越冬的沟眶象经化蛹羽化出土出现第2个高峰期;幼虫危害臭椿根部形成的瘤状物可以作为鉴别沟眶象危害的特征;沟眶象幼虫在土壤中垂直分布范围集中在0～45 cm深土层,约占80%;成虫出土孔集中在距臭椿树干基部75 cm范围内,占88%。据此建议土壤施药化学防治沟眶象时,施药深度不宜低于45 cm,施药点距树干基部水平距离不得少于75 cm,且树周各个方向均需施药。每年10月末沟眶象开始"入土"、翌年4月末开始"出土",在沟眶象"入土"结束后但未冻土之前的11中旬和土壤解冻之后但尚未"出土"前的4月中旬,这两个时期土壤施药防治效果较好;防治沟眶象的同时,还应适时采取打孔注药、熏蒸等措施防治臭椿(Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle)树干内的臭椿沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus brandti(Harold)。     

Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan

Oceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated.     

Structural Identification of Kudinchagenin I

A novel triterpenoid, kudinchagenin Ⅰ was isolated from the leaves of Ilex kudincha C. J. Tseng and its structure was determined to be 3β-hydroxy- 11 (12), 13 ( 18 ), 19 ( 29 ) - triene-28,20β-lactonic-ursane by a combination of spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis.     

异双聚体电泳及其在遗传学差异筛选中的应用

介绍了一种灵敏、简便、快速测定双链PCR产物或DNA片断单个碱基差异的方法。该法借助常规PAGE电泳,能区分出有单个碱基错配而发生构型改变的异双聚体与碱基互补配对的同源双聚体双链DNA分子;并判断出序列中碱基错配的百分率。     

化州柚查尔酮合成酶基因克隆与序列分析

利用CTAB-LiCl法提取高质量的化州柚总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术克隆查尔酮合成酶基因,获得广东道地药材化橘红资源化州柚的查尔酮合成酶基因。该基因编码区全长1176bp,编码391个氨基酸残基,与同样来源于柑橘属的查尔酮合成酶基因同源性高达98%。CTAB-LiCl法能提取高质量的化州柚总RNA,可以用于后续基因克隆和分析;克隆获得的查尔酮合成酶具有编码区,与同属植物相同基因具有高度序列同源性。     

响应曲面法优化菌丝体中红曲色素的提取条件

以红曲菌丝体为原料,通过单因素实验及Box-Behnken设计响应曲面分析优化了红曲色素的提取工艺条件。通过实验,得到了提取率的回归方程Y=0.923-0.011X1-0.011X2-0.017X12-0.027X22-0.026X32-0.028X1X2-0.019X1X3,通过对模型解逆矩阵得优化方案:乙醇浓度X1=66%、超声功率X2=200 w、提取温度X3=52℃,模型预测结果为92.5%。在该工艺条件下进行验证实验,提取率达到92.1±0.6%(n=3)。     

大隐静脉曲张不同手术治疗方法比较

目的:探讨大隐静脉高位结扎加腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张的临床意义。方法:150例大隐静脉曲张患者分为A、B两组,其中A组70例,采用大隐静脉高位结扎加剥脱术治疗,B组80例,采用高位结扎加腔内激光治疗,比较两组在手术过程、术后疼痛、术后恢复及并发症发生率等方面的差别。结果:B组患者切口个数、手术时间、术中出血量、止痛药使用百分比和平均住院时间均少于A组(P<0.01或0.05),而两组间24hNRE评分、首次下床时间和并发症发生率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:大隐静脉高位结扎加腔内激光术的临床疗效优于传统的高位结扎加剥脱术,且患者损伤小、恢复快、疼痛轻,值得临床推广。     

冬虫夏草和中国被毛孢形态学再研究

产自甘肃省冬虫夏草主产区的冬虫夏草具有丰富的形态多样性,少教具有2-4个子座,个别子座叉状分枝.通过移栽培养,对冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis子座的发育过程进行了连续观察,并对子囊孢子的萌发及中国被毛孢Hirsutella sinensis的形态特征进行了再研究.观察到:在子囊孢子弹射期,子座可...     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者APOA5-1131T/C基因多态性与血脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

为了探讨载脂蛋白A5基因(APOA5)-1131T/C多态性在中国镇江地区的频率分布及其与血浆脂质代谢和Ⅱ型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的关系, 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测152例健康人及71例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者APOA5 -1131T/C基因型及等位基因频率分布, 同时采用生化方法测定所有研究对象的血脂、血糖和胰岛素水平。结果显示: 糖尿病组APOA5 -1131C等位基因频率显著高于对照组(0.430 vs 0.296, P = 0.006)。CC纯合子患糖尿病的风险是TT纯合子的3.75倍(OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.57~8.92), 且经Logistic回归分析, 校正年龄、BMI和血浆HDL-c、LDL-c及ApoB水平等其他混杂因素影响后, 这种差异仍具有显著性意义(OR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.24 ~ 5.86)。糖尿病组C等位基因携带者TG水平显著高于非C等位基因携带者(P < 0.01), TC水平和LDL-c水平亦明显升高(P < 0.05)。但是在两组中, 不同基因型患者 胰岛素抵抗相关指标均无显示差异。提示APOA5-1131T/C单核苷酸多态性对人群血浆TG水平有影响, -1131C等位基因与血浆TG、TC和LDL-c水平增高有关, 但是与糖尿病患者胰岛素相关指标无关; APOA5 -1131C等位基因可能与人群糖尿病的发生相关联。     

集合种群动态对生境毁坏空间异质性的响应

首次将分形几何(Fractal geometry)与元胞自动机(Cellular automata)相结合,研究了破碎化生境中集合种群的空间分布格局动态,以及集合种群动态对生境毁坏空间异质性的响应。研究发现:(1)各个物种种群在生境中的分布具有很好的分形特征,物种的计盒维数(Box dimension)不仅可以很好地反映种群的空间分布结构,也能很好地反映种群动态。(2)如果将空间因素考虑进来的话,生境毁坏的灭绝债务(Time debt)将大于空间隐含模式所模拟的结果。(3)物种灭绝同时存在强物种灭绝和弱物种灭绝。并且只有在生境随机毁坏下,才与空间隐含的模拟结果比较接近,即强物种中将是最强物种率先灭绝。而在边缘毁坏这种比较集中成块的开发方式下,将是较强的物种灭绝。(4)边缘毁坏相对随机毁坏有利于物种,尤其是弱物种的长期续存。