发酵液内氨甲酰妥布拉霉素的定量测定

报道了应用一种以测量图象面积为指标的Ｚｙ－３００Ａ多功能抑菌圈测量仪,能够精确、稳定、快速地测定发酵液经薄层层析生物显迹后单组分氨甲酰妥布拉霉素的抑菌斑面积,然后从绘制的标准曲线中直接读取氨甲酸妥布拉霉素在发酵液中的含量,从而排除了其他组分对测定的干扰。试验证明,用Ｚｙ－３００Ａ多功能抑菌圈测量仪测定抗生素薄层层析生物显迹的抑菌斑,具有线性宽、精密度高、重复性强、操作简单方便等优点．本方法的建立为抗生素的纯品检定和多组分抗生素发酵、分离和纯化提供了准确的定量数据．     

一株生防圆突起链霉菌的分类鉴定

菌株SCY311是从河南省凤凰山土壤样品中分离到的对多种植物病原真菌具有拮抗活性的一株放线菌。为了明确其分类地位, 在形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征、细胞壁组分测定等传统分类学方法的基础上, 测定和分析了菌株的16S rRNA基因序列。结果表明, 菌株SCY311在高氏一号培养基上生长良好, 基内菌丝呈褐色; 气生菌丝灰色至鼠灰色, 不产生可溶性色素, 无吸水现象; 孢子链卷曲, 末端形成闭合或开放螺旋; 孢子椭圆或圆柱状, 表面形成结节状突起; 生理生化特征和在国际链霉菌计划(ISP)培养基上的培养特     

茄子果实相关农艺性状全基因组关联分析研究进展与展望

茄子是重要的园艺作物,也是茄科植物中种植最广泛的蔬菜之一。茄子果实相关农艺性状是一种复杂的数量性状,传统育种选育效率低、周期长。高通量测序技术与生物信息学技术的快速发展,使得全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)在解析茄子果实相关复杂农艺性状的遗传规律方面展现出巨大的应用前景。本文对全基因组关联分析在茄子的果形、果色等果实相关农艺性状中的研究进展进行了综述;针对茄子数量性状遗传研究中普遍存在的“丢失遗传力”(missing heritability)问题,从4个GWAS策略在茄子果实相关农艺性状研究中的应用热点出发,提出了未来茄子GWAS的发展对策;并结合当前茄子遗传改良的实践需求,展望了GWAS策略在茄子分子育种领域的广阔应用前景。本文为今后利用GWAS解析各种茄子果实相关性状的遗传基础以及选育符合消费者需求的果实材料提供了理论依据和参考。     

Caveolin-1 identified as a key mediator of acute lung injury using bioinformatics and functional research

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a potentially life-threatening, devastating disease with an extremely high rate of mortality. The underlying mechanism of ALI is currently unclear. In this study, we aimed to confirm the hub genes associated with ALI and explore their functions and molecular mechanisms using bioinformatics methods. Five microarray datasets available in GEO were used to perform Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the key genes were identified via the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injection was administered to establish an ALI model. Overall, 40 robust DEGs, which are mainly involved in the inflammatory response, protein catabolic process, and NF-κB signaling pathway were identified. Among these DEGs, we identified two genes associated with ALI, of which the CAV-1/NF-κB axis was significantly upregulated in ALI, and was identified as one of the most effective targets for ALI prevention. Subsequently, the expression of CAV-1 was knocked down using AAV-shCAV-1 or CAV-1-siRNA to study its effect on the pathogenesis of ALI in vivo and in vitro. The results of this study indicated that CAV-1/NF-κB axis levels were elevated in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by an increase in lung inflammation and autophagy. The knockdown of CAV-1 may improve ALI. Mechanistically, inflammation was reduced mainly by decreasing the expression levels of CD3 and F4/80, and activating autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR and promoting the AMPK signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provides crucial evidence that CAV-1 knockdown inhibits the occurrence of ALI, suggesting that the CAV-1/NF-κB axis may be a promising therapeutic target for ALI treatment.Subject terms: Cell signalling, Respiratory tract diseases     

滇西北玉龙雪山不同海拔云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)径向生长对气候因子的响应

云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)是重要的造林树种,在我国西南地区广泛分布。研究不同海拔云南松径向生长对气候变化的响应,有助于了解气候变化背景下云南松的敏感性和适应性。在滇西北丽江玉龙雪山不同海拔采集了云南松树木年轮样品,采用传统的树木年轮方法制作了不同海拔云南松树轮宽度标准化年表,并分析了不同海拔云南松径向生长与气候因子的相关性。结果表明:1)低海拔样点云南松具有较快的年平均生长速率。2)不同海拔云南松对气候因子的响应模式一致,树轮宽度与当年5—6月的降水量、帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI)和相对湿度呈正相关,与同期温度呈负相关。3)不同海拔的云南松径向生长对气象因子的响应程度不一样,即低海拔样点云南松树轮宽度与当年5月份的干旱指数、相对湿度、降水量相关系数较高;而高海拔样点的云南松树轮宽度与5—6月的降水、相对湿度、干旱指数的相关系数较低。研究表明春末夏初的水分条件是玉龙雪山云南松径向生长的主要限制因子,且低海拔地区云南松生长受水分限制更为严重,区域气候变暖和干旱化趋势可能对低海拔地区云南松的生长产生持续的负面效应。研究结果可为探讨气候变化下云南松的适宜分布区、以及云南松人工林的经营和可持续管理提供参考。     

面向生态系统服务的森林生态系统经营:现状、挑战与展望

森林生态系统是地球陆地生态系统的主体,它具有很高的生物生产力和生物量以及丰富的生物多样性,对全球生态系统和人类经济社会发展起着至关重要和无可替代的作用。伴随着人口的不断增长和经济社会的迅猛发展,对森林资源和森林生态系统服务的需求不断高涨,而且人类对森林资源价值的认识也发生了很大程度的改变。推进森林资源可持续经营,增加森林总量、提高森林质量、增强生态功能,已成为中国林业可持续发展乃至推进中国生态文明建设和建设美丽中国的战略任务。本文全面综述了森林生态系统经营发展历程,分析了森林生态系统经营的现状和存在问题,在此基础上,提出整合基于生态系统管理与满足现代人类福祉对森林多重需求的新的森林生态系统经营理念,面向生态系统服务的森林生态系统经营理念是未来的发展趋势。森林经营发展战略表现为:1)从单纯的森林面积数量扩张,转变到提高单位面积的森林生产力和森林质量;2)从单一追求木材生产逐步转变为多目标经营,将森林林产品单一的经营目标转变为广泛的生态、经济和社会等多目标经营;3)森林经营重点从林分水平转变为森林景观的经营,强调森林景观的时空异质性和动态变化,权衡和协同多种生态系统的服务功能,倡导森林景观的多样性和连通性,提高森林与其它土地利用模式镶嵌构成的复合景观的可持续性和稳定性,增强森林生态系统对气候变化影响的适应能力;4)森林生态系统经营将从依赖传统经验的主观决策转变为信息化、数字化和智能化的决策,发展森林生态系统经营决策支持系统和森林景观恢复与空间经营规划系统。     

Genetic validation of Aspergillus fumigatus phosphoglucomutase as a viable therapeutic target in invasive aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatus is the causative agent of invasive aspergillosis, an infection with mortality rates of up to 50%. The glucan-rich cell wall of A. fumigatus is a protective structure that is absent from human cells and is a potential target for antifungal treatments. Glucan is synthesized from the donor uridine diphosphate glucose, with the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) representing a key step in its biosynthesis. Here, we explore the possibility of selectively targeting A. fumigatus PGM (AfPGM) as an antifungal treatment strategy. Using a promoter replacement strategy, we constructed a conditional pgm mutant and revealed that pgm is required for A. fumigatus growth and cell wall integrity. In addition, using a fragment screen, we identified the thiol-reactive compound isothiazolone fragment of PGM as targeting a cysteine residue not conserved in the human ortholog. Furthermore, through scaffold exploration, we synthesized a para-aryl derivative (ISFP10) and demonstrated that it inhibits AfPGM with an IC₅₀ of 2 μM and exhibits 50-fold selectivity over the human enzyme. Taken together, our data provide genetic validation of PGM as a therapeutic target and suggest new avenues for inhibiting AfPGM using covalent inhibitors that could serve as tools for chemical validation.     

基于网络特征的道路生态干扰——以澜沧江流域为例

道路网络对区域景观的生态格局和过程产生较大的影响,作为干扰因子,区域道路网络的特征和所产生的生态干扰水平存在一定的相关性.利用GIS和网络分析法,以澜沧江流域县域为基本单元,分析了研究区各县的道路网络特征指数,在揭示了区域道路网络不同特征之间的规律性的基础上,进一步对区域网络特点和生态干扰之间相关性进行了内在关系的探讨.结果表明,澜沧江流域道路网络结构的空间差异很大,流域内各县的道路网络节点数、连接线数目、α环度、β线点率、γ连接度指数等网络特征因子也存在较大差异;道路密度和道路总长度与区域海拔高度呈现较明显的负相关关系;道路密度和区域道路的廊道密度呈现正相关关系,和区域道路的α指数、β指数和γ指数关系可以用倒数模型来拟合.缓冲区分析表明,耕地比例和道路密度线性相关关系显著,而其他类型相关性较差,但区域综合的人工干扰指数(Hd)(1980,2000)和道路网络的特征指数相关显著,而且不同时期的区域景观的斑块密度、平均斑块面积和区域道路网络特征之间也存在较强的相关性,即网络扩展使得区域生态系统受干扰强度增加,破碎化严重,但较短时期内的生态系统变化和道路网络特征之间相关性不显著.     

Hemin with Peroxidase Activity Can Inhibit the Oxidative Damage Induced by Ultraviolet A

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a highly reactive substance that contains oxygen, induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) cause oxidative damage to skin. We confirmed that hemin can catalyze the reaction of tyrosine (Tyr) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Catalysis was found to effectively reduce or eliminate oxidative damage to cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA. The scavenging effects of hemin for other free-radical ROS were also evaluated through pyrogallol autoxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·)-scavenging assays, and phenanthroline–Fe²⁺ assays. The results show that a mixture of hemin and tyrosine exhibits strong scavenging activities for H₂O₂, superoxide anion (O₂⁻·), DPPH·, and the hydroxyl radical (·OH). Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidative damage to human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA was evaluated. The results show that catalysis can significantly reduce the ratio of cell apoptosis and death and inhibit the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the resistance to apoptosis was found to be enhanced. These results show that the mixture of hemin and tyrosine has a significantly protective effect against oxidative damage to HaCaT cells caused by UVA, suggesting it as a protective agent for combating UVA damage.