全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21974篇 |
免费 | 1938篇 |
国内免费 | 3865篇 |
专业分类
27777篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 104篇 |
2023年 | 382篇 |
2022年 | 865篇 |
2021年 | 1276篇 |
2020年 | 897篇 |
2019年 | 1026篇 |
2018年 | 928篇 |
2017年 | 701篇 |
2016年 | 927篇 |
2015年 | 1343篇 |
2014年 | 1653篇 |
2013年 | 1669篇 |
2012年 | 2085篇 |
2011年 | 1924篇 |
2010年 | 1277篇 |
2009年 | 1197篇 |
2008年 | 1303篇 |
2007年 | 1162篇 |
2006年 | 1032篇 |
2005年 | 967篇 |
2004年 | 727篇 |
2003年 | 629篇 |
2002年 | 537篇 |
2001年 | 461篇 |
2000年 | 430篇 |
1999年 | 371篇 |
1998年 | 217篇 |
1997年 | 200篇 |
1996年 | 211篇 |
1995年 | 165篇 |
1994年 | 184篇 |
1993年 | 123篇 |
1992年 | 135篇 |
1991年 | 124篇 |
1990年 | 94篇 |
1989年 | 91篇 |
1988年 | 66篇 |
1987年 | 66篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 45篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1956年 | 3篇 |
1950年 | 8篇 |
1948年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
B. Wang W. W. Xu J. Z. Wang W. Wu H. G. Zheng Z. Y. Yang J. D. Ray H. T. Nguyen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(6-7):1111-1114
The thermo-sensititve genic male-sterile (TGMS) gene in rice can alter fertility in response to temperature and is useful in the two-line system of hybrid rice production. However, little is known about the TGMS gene at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers tightly linked with the TGMS gene and to map the gene onto a specific rice chromosome. Bulked segregant analysis of an F2 population from 5460s (a TGMS mutant line) x Hong Wan 52 was used to identify RAPD markers linked to the rice TGMS gene. Four hundred RAPD primers were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants; of these, 4 primers produced polymorphic products. Most of the polymorphic fragments contained repetitive sequences. Only one singlecopy sequence fragment was found, a 1.2-kb fragment amplified by primer OPB-19 and subsequently named TGMS1.2. TGMS1.2 was mapped on chromosome 8 with a RIL population and confirmed by remapping with a DHL population. Segregation analysis using TGMS1.2 as a probe indicated that TGMS1.2 both consegregated and was lined with the TGMS gene in this population. It is located about 6.7 cM from the TGMS gene. As TGMS1.2 is linked to the TGMS gene, the TGMS gene must be located on chromosome 8.This research was supported by the Rockefeller Foundation and China National High-Tech Research and Development Program. The first author is a Rockefeller Career Fellow at Texas Tech University 相似文献
82.
正常人各年龄组染色体着丝粒点(Cd)研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
翁亚光 王应雄 张湘蜀 吴春英 郑增淳WENG Ya-Guang WANG Ying-Xiong ZHANG Xiang-Shu WU Chun-Ying ZHENG Zeng-Chun 《遗传》1995,17(3):3-6
本文运用本室改良的Cd-NOR银染技术对80例4个年龄组的正常中国人的Cd变化进行了较系统的研究, 结果表明:(1)正常人随年龄增加,Cd消失的频率、Cd变异及Cd-NOR融合频率也相应增加,特别是Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(中、老年组)增加的频率尤为显著;(2)首次对Cd消失的过程提出了独特的观点,即Cd消失首先表现为Cd变小, 随着变小程度的加大,最终导致Cd消失;(3)在本研究中首次观察到单个Cd的现象,作者认为是细胞分裂中期染色体着丝一分为二的延迟现象。各年龄组间单Cd出现频率无统计学差异,同一年龄组中,2号染色体和1号染色体上单Cd出现频率显著高于理论值;(4)随年龄增高,Cd各项观察值的增高在男性与女性间未见明显的差异。
Abstract:The Cd variation of human chromosome in four groups of different age has been investigated.The result shows that the frequencies of Cd disappearing,size variation and Cd-NOR fusion increased with the age rising,especially in the group of aged people.We suggest that the variation of Cd shows the size changes first,and then disappears completely.We also observed some cells in which a few chromosomes shows only a single Cd in centromeric region.Cd variation in different age groups has no significant difference between the male and the female. 相似文献
83.
Molecular dynamics simulations and energy analysis have been carried out to study the structural mobility and stability of the four -helix bundle motifs. The simulation results as well as the X-ray data show that the atomic RMS fluctuation is larger at the loop region for four representative proteins investigated: methemerythrin, cytochrome b-562, cytochrome c, and bovine somatotropin. The loop-loop, helix-helix, and loop-helix interactions are computed for the unfolded and folded proteins. In the folded and solvated protein structures the loop-helix interaction is stronger than the helix-helix interaction, especially in the electrostatic component. But the stabilization energies of both the loop-helix and the helix-helix interactions relative to the those of an unfolded structure are of the same order of magnitude. The stabilization due to protein-solvent interaction is greater in the helix region than in the loop region. The percentage of hydrophilic solvent accessible area for the four proteins studied was calculated with the method of Eisenberg and McLachlan. The percentage of the hydrophilic area is greater in the loops than in the helices. A Poisson-Boltzmann calculation shows that the potential from the loops acting on a helix is generally more negative than that from other helices. 相似文献
84.
Identification of a Novel Stage of Ribosome/Nascent Chain Association with the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Edwin C. Murphy III Tianli Zheng Christopher V. Nicchitta 《The Journal of cell biology》1997,136(6):1213-1226
Protein translocation in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs cotranslationally and requires the binding of translationally active ribosomes to components of the ER membrane. Three candidate ribosome receptors, p180, p34, and Sec61p, have been identified in binding studies with inactive ribosomes, suggesting that ribosome binding is mediated through a receptor-ligand interaction. To determine if the binding of nascent chain-bearing ribosomes is regulated in a manner similar to inactive ribosomes, we have investigated the ribosome/nascent chain binding event that accompanies targeting. In agreement with previous reports, indicating that Sec61p displays the majority of the ER ribosome binding activity, we observed that Sec61p is shielded from proteolytic digestion by native, bound ribosomes. The binding of active, nascent chain bearing ribosomes to the ER membrane is, however, insensitive to the ribosome occupancy state of Sec61p. To determine if additional, Sec61p independent, stages of the ribosome binding reaction could be identified, ribosome/nascent chain binding was assayed as a function of RM concentration. At limiting RM concentrations, a protease resistant ribosome-membrane junction was formed, yet the nascent chain was salt extractable and cross-linked to Sec61p with low efficiency. At nonlimiting RM concentrations, bound nascent chains were protease and salt resistant and cross-linked to Sec61p with higher efficiency. On the basis of these and other data, we propose that ribosome binding to the ER membrane is a multi-stage process comprised of an initial, Sec61p independent binding event, which precedes association of the ribosome/nascent chain complex with Sec61p. 相似文献
85.
86.
抗白粉病小麦染色体组型的分子标记与生化标记分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用与小麦第六同源群有关的分子和生化标记,包括DNA探针pSc5·3H3和pSR167以及同工酶Est-5和a-Amy-1,对来自六倍体小黑麦Beagle与普通小麦科冬58杂交后代F1花粉植株的抗白粉病株系M24.M09及M17进行了分析。结果表明,M24、M09及M17不同程度地含有黑麦染色体成分,而且电泳谱带差别较大,据此推断,M09为6RL的易位系。因此,生化和分子标记不仅可以用于确定外源片段的存在,而且可以帮助确定染色体组型和外源片段的位置 相似文献
87.
描述的介形类化石标本采集于新疆塔里木盆地库车和喀什两地区,其中,齐古组产Darwinula-Timiriasevia组合,恰克马克组产Darwinula-Bisulcocypris为代表的介形类化石组合,其时代前者为晚侏罗世,后者为中侏罗世;俄霍布拉克组和克拉玛依组产以Bisulcompris-TungchuaniaDarwinula为代表的组合,其时代为早-中三叠世。 相似文献
88.
Xue Bin Zheng Misao Tsubokura Yongkun Wang Chun Xie Tetsuji Nagano Kazuhiko Someya Tomoko Kiyohara Kiyomi Suzuki Takeshi Sanekata 《Microbiology and immunology》1995,39(10):821-824
Thirty strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were isolated from rabbits (17 strains), wild rats (9 strains) and house rats (4 strains) in China between 1990 and 1993. The biochemical properties of these isolates were identical with those of Y. pseudotuberculosis and no special characteristics were found in these strains. Serologically, serogroups 4b and 5b were identical to isolates found in Japan, and a new serogroup 1c and unclassified strains have also been detected. The existence of virulence-associated properties were different among strains. The pYV plasmid was detected from 6 strains of 30 isolates. This report documents the presence of Y. pseudotuberculosis in China, providing important epidemiological information. 相似文献
89.
通过定点诱变技术得到6个生物活性剧烈下降的人白细胞介素-2(IL-2)突变体,其中两个突变体即15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2可以在一定浓度范围内使IL-2的生物效应降低。在对高亲和力IL-2受体(IL-2R)的竞争抑制实验中,15Val-IL-2和126Asp-Il-2又表现了一定的竞争能力。这些结果表明15Val-IL-2和126Asp-IL-2可部分拮抗天然IL-2的作用。结合I 相似文献
90.