Cell proteins bind specifically to West Nile virus minus-strand 3' stem-loop RNA.

The first 96 nucleotides of the 5'noncoding region (NCR) of West Nile virus (WNV) genomic RNA were previously reported to form thermodynamically predicted stem-loop (SL) structures that are conserved among flaviviruses. The complementary minus-strand 3' NCR RNA, which is thought to function as a promoter for the synthesis of plus-strand RNA, forms a corresponding predicted SL structure. RNase probing of the WNV 3' minus-strand stem-loop RNA [WNV (-)3' SL RNA] confirmed the existence of a terminal secondary structure. RNA-protein binding studies were performed with BHK S100 cytoplasmic extracts and in vitro-synthesized WNV (-)3' SL RNA as the probe. Three RNA-protein complexes (complexes 1,2, and 3) were detected by a gel mobility shift assay, and the specificity of the RNA-protein interactions was confirmed by gel mobility shift and UV-induced cross-linking competition assays. Four BHK cell proteins with molecular masses of 108, 60, 50, and 42 kDa were detected by UV-induced cross-linking to the WNV (-)3' SL RNA. A preliminary mapping study indicated that all four proteins bound to the first 75 nucleotides of the WNV 3' minus-strand RNA, the region that contains the terminal SL. A flavivirus resistance phenotype was previously shown to be inherited in mice as a single, autosomal dominant allele. The efficiencies of infection of resistant cells and susceptible cells are similar, but resistant cells (C3H/RV) produce less genomic RNA than congenic, susceptible cells (C3H/He). Three RNA-protein complexes and four UV-induced cross-linked cell proteins with mobilities identical to those detected in BHK cell extracts with the WNV (-)3' SL RNA were found in both C3H/RV and C3H/He cell extracts. However, the half-life of the C3H/RV complex 1 was three times longer than that of the C3H/He complex 1. It is possible that the increased binding activity of one of the resistant cell proteins for the flavivirus minus-strand RNA could result in a reduced synthesis of plus-strand RNA as observed with the flavivirus resistance phenotype.     

用光谱技术鉴定植物色素突变体

1983年我国报道了从γ-射线处理的“矮杆齐”大麦中得到了一株黄绿色的突变体1832C[1]。本文用光谱技术对该突变体的光合色素成分进行了鉴定。1　材料和方法　　材料为六棱裸大麦“矮杆齐”和由该品种大麦诱变形成的黄绿色突变体1832C(Mb1832C),以及作为对照的缺失Chlb的突变体大麦Chlorina-f2[2]都于3月初播种于实验田中。　　每个样品取30g新鲜的叶片,先用自来水后用蒸馏水冲洗干净。把洗净的叶片摊放在干净的纱布上吸干表面水分,剪碎,加入100mL预冷的含有0.4mol/L山梨醇、0.1mol/LTris-HCl(pH7.6)的缓冲液,用组织捣碎机先慢速捣碎1…     

KM－1d突变株小鼠的模型建立及遗传分析

在饲养经剖腹产净化后的ＫＭ种群时,我们发现了一些后肢畸形的动物、通过挑选后已成为一个稳定遗传的突变株,由于此群体产生的后代１００％均为后肢畸形动物,因此可以认定为１ｄ／１ｄ纯合子动物。命名为ＫＭ—１ｄ小鼠。将ＫＭ－１ｄ纯合子动物与近交系ＤＢＡ／２小鼠杂交得到Ｆ１代,再经Ｆ１代互交或与双亲回交。通过对后代的形态学观察及遗传方式的分析,证明为常染色体隐性单基因遗传。另外,对１３８只ＫＭ－１ｄ畸形小鼠进行解剖观察还发现有４２％的动物在骨骼畸形的同时伴有左侧泌尿系统畸形。因此可以认定ＫＭ－１ｄ小鼠是一种患有骨－肾先天性畸形综合症的动物模型。     

先贤虽去，风范永存——沉痛悼念杨福愉先生

中国共产党优秀党员,中国科学院院士,著名生物化学家杨福愉先生,因病医治无效,于2023年1月5日20时46分在北京逝世,享年96岁。 　　杨福愉先生原籍浙江宁波镇海,1927年10月30日出生于上海市,1946年毕业于上海南洋模范中学,1950年毕业于浙江大学化学系,1960年在前苏联莫斯科大学生物系获哲学副博士学位,回国后一直在中国科学院生物物理研究所工作,历任生物物理研究所副研究员、研究员,1991年当选为中国科学院学部委员(院士);曾任生物物理研究所副所长、学术委员会主任、生物大分子国家重点实验室主任等职,是中国生物膜领域的主要奠基人之一。 　　杨福愉先生1950年毕业于浙江大学后,进入中国科学院（上海）实验生物学研究所,在贝时璋先生等老一辈科学家的言行垂范下获得科学启蒙;1956~1960年留苏期间,获得了系统的科研训练;回国后在生物物理研究所带领线粒体结构与功能研究小组,研究电离辐射对线粒体氧化磷 酸化功能的影响,从此确立了为之奋斗一生的“生物膜结构与功能”这一重要研究方向。 　　杨福愉先生长期围绕膜脂-膜蛋白相互作用及其调控机理开展系统、深入的原创性研究。提出镁离子通过改变膜脂流动性影响ATP酶的结构与活性模型,为膜脂物理状态影响膜蛋白的结构与功能提供清晰的实例;在此基础上开展跨膜钙离子浓度梯度调节膜蛋白的构象与活性的研究,揭示膜脂物理状态调控钙ATP酶及G蛋白偶联跨膜信号转导通路的新机制;发现胰凝乳蛋白酶不只是消化酶,还介导溶酶体-线粒体细胞凋亡新途径。同时,杨福愉先生非常重视基础理论研究与实际应用的结合。曾在核爆炸现场承担放射生物学科研任务,总结出的慢性放射病早期诊断生化指标为核安全打下基础;用“匀浆互补法”预测农作物杂交优势,为促进农业增产提供科学依据;开展克山病病因的研究,提出“克山病是一种心肌线粒体病”的观点等。在研究中,杨福愉先生善于以多学科交叉融合的研究方法从不同层次开展研究,研究成果彰显开拓性、富于原创性。杨福愉先生在国内外学术期刊发表科研论文200余篇,出版《生物膜》等专著2部,在国际上产生深远影响,获得广泛承认,先后获得国家自然科学奖、中国科学院自然科学奖、何梁何利奖等重要奖项。 　　杨福愉先生重视学术团体、学术会议、学术期刊在科学研究中的重要作用,曾任中国生物物理学会理事、中国生物化学与分子生物学学会副理事长、北京市生物化学与分子生物学学会理事长、《生物物理学报》主编等职,积极推动1981年首届全国膜生物学讨论会举办,并担任首届会议大会主席。 　　杨福愉先生重视青年人才培养。作为2013年中国生物物理学会贝时璋杰出贡献奖得主,杨福愉先生于2018年向贝时璋奖捐款30万元,用于表彰后续贝时璋青年奖获奖者,表达了老一辈科学家对生物物理学领域青年科技工作者的殷切期望。 　　先贤虽去,风范永存。杨福愉先生的家国情怀与学术精神将永远指引我们奋斗！ 　　杨福愉先生千古！ （感谢黄有国研究员为此文撰写提供历史线索和整理、凝练素材。）     

巨噬细胞激活及钙作用的初步研究

经TG诱发的小鼠腹腔渗出液的巨噬细胞及人的巨噬细胞样细胞株U937受PAF(100ng ml).Zymosan A(0.25mg ml).Can A(50μg ml)LPS(1μg ml)等作用后.能引起胞内游离Ca~(2-)浓度的增加,巨噬细胞内酸性磷酸酶增多,细胞骨架更为舒展、丰满.胞内游离Ca~(2-)的增加是由于胞内钙库的释放与胞外钙的内流.上述困子作用后,可使巨噬细胞产生呼吸爆发.其中.Zymosan A的作用尤为强烈.同时还出现胞膜流动性的降低、当胞外环境中有Ca~(2-)时.可增强巨噬细胞的呼吸爆发.以上提示:在巨噬细胞的激活中Ca~(2-)具有重要的作用.     

Oxide-Based Solid-State Batteries: A Perspective on Composite Cathode Architecture

The garnet-type phase Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) attracts significant attention as an oxide solid electrolyte to enable safe and robust solid-state batteries (SSBs) with potentially high energy density. However, while significant progress has been made in demonstrating compatibility with Li metal, integrating LLZO into composite cathodes remains a challenge. The current perspective focuses on the critical issues that need to be addressed to achieve the ultimate goal of an all-solid-state LLZO-based battery that delivers safety, durability, and pack-level performance characteristics that are unobtainable with state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. This perspective complements existing reviews of solid/solid interfaces with more emphasis on understanding numerous homo- and heteroionic interfaces in a pure oxide-based SSB and the various phenomena that accompany the evolution of the chemical, electrochemical, structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of those interfaces during processing and operation. Finally, the insights gained from a comprehensive literature survey of LLZO–cathode interfaces are used to guide efforts for the development of LLZO-based SSBs.     

EFFECTS OF HELPER PROTEINS ENCODED BY p19 AND orf1-orf2 GENES ON Cyt1Aa PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN ACRYSTALLIFEROUS STRAIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

A series of plasmids were constructed to examine the effects of p19 and orf1‐orf2 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis on Cyt1Aa synthesis and inclusion formation. The plasmids expressed the cyt1Aa gene along with either p19 or orf1‐orf2, or each of them coordinatively with p20 in the acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4Q7. No effect on the expression of Cyt1Aa protein was found when P19 or Orf1‐Orf2 co‐expressed with Cyt1Aa. However, when including p20 gene, the constructs with p19 or orf1‐orf2 gene produced lower yield of Cyt1Aa proteins than without p19 or orf1‐orf2 gene. Electron microscopy observation and bioassay showed that P19 and Orf1‐Orf2 have no influence on the crystal size and toxicity of Cyt1Aa protein. It is presumed that P19 and Orf1‐Orf2 might have negative effects on Cyt1Aa synthesis in B. thuringiensis.     

A Wuchiapingian (Late Permian) brachiopod fauna from an exotic block in the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone, southern Tibet, and its palaeobiogeographical and tectonic implications

A brachiopod fauna including 19 species of 17 genera from an exotic block in the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone in southern Tibet is described and illustrated. The brachiopod fauna is dominated by Martinia elegans and two new taxa: Jinomarginifera lhazeensis gen. et sp. nov. and Zhejiangospirifer giganteus sp. nov. The fauna is closely comparable with those from the middle and upper parts of the Wargal Formation and the Chhidru Formation in the Salt Range of Pakistan, the Chitichun Limestone in southern Tibet, and the Basleo area of West Timor, and these correlations suggest a Wuchiapingian age. The fauna exhibits substantial links with both peri–Gondwanan and Cathaysian faunas, which may imply that it is a seamount biota originally located in the southern margin of the Neotethys during the Late Permian, and was later (in the early Cenozoic) displaced and became sandwiched into younger marine deposits in the collision process between India and Eurasia.     

尿素氮-葡萄糖双功能分析仪的研究

由固定化脲酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸氧化酶、葡萄糖氧化酶的复合酶膜组成的双电极系统,可以同时测定尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量,每次进样量为25μl,20s即可测定出尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量。在0～60mg/dl尿素氮、0～500mg/dl葡萄糖范围内具有良好的线性关系。连续测定20次的变异系数分别为1.02％和1.05％。酶膜使用寿命为两星期以上。此仪器可广泛应用于临床检验和体育训练中。