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31.
Effects of growth light intensity on the temperature dependence of CO2 assimilation rate were studied in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) because growth light intensity alters nitrogen allocation between photosynthetic components. Leaf nitrogen, ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytochrome f (cyt f) contents increased with increasing growth light intensity, but the cyt f/Rubisco ratio was unaltered. Mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion (gm) measured with carbon isotope discrimination increased with growth light intensity but not with measuring light intensity. The responses of CO2 assimilation rate to chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc) at different light intensities and temperatures were used to estimate the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax) and the chloroplast electron transport rate (J). Maximum electron transport rates were linearly related to cyt f content at any given temperature (e.g. 115 and 179 µmol electrons mol?1 cyt f s?1 at 25 and 40 °C, respectively). The chloroplast CO2 concentration (Ctrans) at which the transition from RuBP carboxylation to RuBP regeneration limitation occurred increased with leaf temperature and was independent of growth light intensity, consistent with the constant ratio of cyt f/Rubisco. In tobacco, CO2 assimilation rate at 380 µmol mol?1 CO2 concentration and high light was limited by RuBP carboxylation above 32 °C and by RuBP regeneration below 32 °C. 相似文献
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HcNPV半胱氨酸蛋白酶,几丁质酶基因失活分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
将含有美国白蛾核型多角体病毒(Hyphantria cumea nuclear polyhedrosis virus,HcNPV)半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因(CP)的自然和几丁质酶基因(ChiA)的片段克隆进PCRⅡ,构建了转移载体pHcCVdel;将含有HcNPV多角体蛋白全基因(polh)序列的片段插入到pHcCVdel的EcoRI位点,得到重组转移载体pHcCVpolh。通过重组转移载体与含有家蚕促 相似文献
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TAOFANG SUN XIAOCHENG LIU HAOYE TANG JIANGUO ZHU WENSHAN GUO KAZUHIKO KOBAYASHI 《Global Change Biology》2011,17(8):2697-2706
Four modern cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under elevated ozone concentration (E‐O3) in fully open‐air field conditions in China for three consecutive growth seasons from 2007 to 2009. Results indicated that a mean 25% enhancement above the ambient ozone concentration (A‐O3, 45.7 p.p.b.) significantly reduced the grain yield by 20% with significant variation in the range from 10% to 35% among the combinations of cultivar and season. The varietal difference in the yield response to E‐O3 became nonsignificant when the anova was done by omitting one cultivar which showed unstable response to E‐O3 among the seasons. The reduction of individual grain mass accounted mostly for the yield loss by E‐O3, and showed significant difference between the cultivars. The response of relative yield to E‐O3 was not significantly different from those reported in China, Europe and India on the basis of experiments in open‐top chambers. Our results thus confirmed the rising threat of surface O3 on wheat production worldwide in the near future. Various countermeasures are urgently needed against the crop losses due to O3 such as mitigation of the increase in surface O3 with stricter pollution control, and enhancement of the wheat tolerance against O3 by breeding and management. 相似文献
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MAKIKO NAGAI MIWA OHNISHI TAKEO UEHARA MUTSUMI YAMAGAMI EIKO MIURA MAI KAMAKURA AKIRA KITAMURA SHU‐ICHI SAKAGUCHI WATARU SAKAMOTO TERUO SHIMMEN HIDEHIRO FUKAKI ROBERT J. REID TETSURO MIMURA 《Plant, cell & environment》2013,36(10):1826-1837
The concentration of ions in plant cells and tissues is an essential factor in determining physiological function. In the present study, we established that concentration gradients of mobile ions exist in both xylem exudates and tissues within a barley (Hordeum vulgare) primary leaf. For K+ and NO3?, ion concentrations generally decreased from the leaf base to the tip in both xylem exudates and tissues. Ion gradients were also found for Pi and Cl? in the xylem. The hydathode strongly absorbed Pi and re‐translocated it to the rest of the plant, whereas Cl? was extruded. The ion concentration gradients developed early during leaf growth, increased as the tissue aged and remained under both high and low transpiration conditions. Measurement of the expression profiles of Pi, K+ and NO3? transporters along the longitudinal axis of the leaf revealed that some transporters are more expressed at the hydathode, but for most transporters, there was no significant variation along the leaf. The mechanisms by which longitudinal ion gradients develop in leaves and their physiological functions are discussed. 相似文献
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KO TOMIKAWA NORIO KOBAYASHI HIROSHI MORINO SHUNSUKE F. MAWATARI 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2007,149(4):643-670
Luciobliviidae, a new family in the superfamily Gammaroidea (Amphipoda: Crustacea), is described on the basis of species in the genus Lucioblivio gen. nov. from subterranean waters of Japan. Mesogammaridae Bousfield, 1977 is rediagnosed; Octopupilla gen. nov. from subterranean waters of Japan is described and Eoniphargus (Uéno, 1955) from subterranean waters of Japan and Korea is included. The members of Lucioblivio , Octopupilla and Eoniphargus share several characters, including reduced eyes, a setose body, reduced coxae, feeble appendages and pedunculate coxal gills. To elucidate the phylogeny of the three genera among others, a sequence analysis of the 28S rRNA gene was conducted for 14 species in six families, including the three genera, from the superfamilies, Gammaroidea, Crangonyctoidea and Hadzioidea. The tree from a neighbour-joining analysis and the strict consensus tree from a maximum-parsimony analysis indicate monophyly of Mesogammaridae. Luciobliviidae is embedded within a clade of taxa belonging to the superfamily Gammaroidea. These results and the occurrence of gammarid-type calceoli in species of the new family indicate that Luciobliviidae should be placed within the superfamily Gammaroidea. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 149 , 643–670. 相似文献