伍氏游仆虫接合过程中老大核后碎块的去向

在伍氏游仆虫(Euplotes woodruffi)接合后体发育过程中,已呈退化状态的老大核后碎块,在细胞第二次形态发生时,逐渐恢复其正常形态结构。T形新大核原基向后延伸而与恢复正常形态的老大核后碎块紧密靠拢。此时在光镜下观察,很容易误认为二者已融合为一。但在接合后体分裂之前,老大核后碎块再次瓦解,T形大核原基缩短成棒状而与老大核后碎块分开,此时二者界限分明。细胞分裂后,残存的老大核后碎块停留于后子虫中,最后被吸收。几个关键时期大核原基和老大核后碎块DNA含量的测定,也证明新老大核不融合。本文还讨论了老大核后碎块在有性过程中的功能。     

吉林省杨树蛀干害虫的三种姬小蜂天敌(膜翅目:小蜂总科, 姬小蜂科)

1986年,原吉林省林业生防中心站(现为吉林省林业科学研究所)同中国科学院动物研究所合作,对吉林省杨树蛀千害虫的寄生蜂资源进行了开发利用研究。本文是该项研究成果的第一篇报道,记述了三种姬小蜂天敌,包括寄生白杨透翅蛾的透翅蛾黑姬小蜂Elachertus nigritulus(Zett.)和寄生杨窄吉丁的一新种丽凹面姬小蜂 Eniedon epicharisHuang及一新记录种 Eniedon zanara Walker。其它研究成果将陆续报道。     

中国寄生云杉的顶裂盘菌及其无性阶段

本文报道了寄生在云杉上的中国新记录种顶裂盘菌(Lophophacidium hyperboreumLagerb.);首次发现了这个种的无性型座壳梭孢属(Apostrasseria sp.),证实了融雪前病株针叶上有表生的菌丝和小菌核;查清了它是新疆云杉林中的广布种,引致云杉雪枯病;发现了新分布区,地理分布范围在75°—94°E,37°40′—49°N;发现了新寄主,多土的西伯利亚云杉(Picea obovata Ledeb.)和引进的青海云杉(P.crassifolia Kom.)、川西云杉(P.balfourianaRehd.et Wils.)。     

不同发育时期中华绒螯蟹血淋巴渗透压的分析

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴渗透压随不同的生长阶段而异;不论是在淡水中,还是在不同盐浓度的海水中,都具有保持血淋巴高渗调节控制的能力。青春期前,6—9月份,血淋巴渗透压自390mOsm/Kg H_2O升至560mOsm/Kg H_2O;青春期后,9—12月份,自555mOsm/Kg H_2O升至656mOsm/Kg H_2O,但12月到翌年3月份却明显下降。雌蟹从淡水移入海水后的血淋巴渗透压调升速度,青春期后是青春期前的三倍左右。     

Comparison of Proteoglycans Extracted by Saline and Guanidinium Chloride from Cultured Chick Retinas

Abstract: To compare the loosely associated sulfated proteoglycans with those tightly bound to membranes, retinas from 14-day chick embryos were subjected to progressively disruptive techniques. The most easily removed proteoglycans were isolated from the medium in which the tissue was labeled with [³⁵S]sulfate. On the average, 25% of the glycosaminoglycans were in the labeling medium, 39% were in proteoglycans extracted from the tissue in the balanced salt solution, 32% were in a 4 m -guanidinium chloride (GuCl) fraction, and 4% remained unextracted. These glycosaminoglycans contained, respectively, 28, 28, 40, and 4% of the incorporated [³⁵S]sulfate. On the basis of electrophoretic mobility and TLC of chondroitinase digests, the ratio of ³⁵S in chondroitin sulfate to that in heparan sulfate was 4–7 times higher in the medium and balanced salt extracts than in the GuCl extracts. In both extracts there was more ³⁵S in chondroitin-6-sulfate than in chondroitin-4-sulfate. Dialysis of the extracts against 0.5 M-NaCl resulted in the precipitation of about 12% of the glycosaminoglycans in the saline extracts and about 40% in GuCl extract. These subfractions, which were relatively enriched in heparan sulfate, were largely soluble in dithiothreitol in 8 m -urea (DTT). Similarities between the proteoglycans in the medium and those extracted by balanced salt solutions suggest that the saline-extracted proteoglycans were for the most part loosely associated with cell surfaces or extracellular matrices, whereas the GuCl-extracted proteoglycans probably were bound to membranes.     

2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonate labels an essential amino group near the bound phosphate at the catalytic site of mitochondrial F1-ATPase

The amino reagent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) was found to inactivate mitochondrial F₁-ATPase through covalent labeling, which was not reversed by dithiothreitol. The observed rate of inactivation was retarded by inorganic phosphate, but enhanced by prior labeling of F₁ with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-C1). These observations are consistent with the presence of an essential amino group near the bound inorganic phosphate at the catalytic site of F₁. A comparison of the observed protection of F₁ from NBD-C1 and 5′-p-fluorosulfonyl-benzoyladenosine (FSBA) respectively by inorganic phosphate and by 2′,3′-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5′-monophosphate (TNP-AMP) suggests that NBD-C1 labels an essential Tyr residue in the positively charged locus for binding the polyphosphate end of ATP, and that FSBA labels an essential Tyr residue in the more hydrophobic locus for binding the adenosine moiety of ATP at the catalytic site of F₁.     

Studies of the mechanisms for the induction of in vivo tumor immunity. V. A comparison of the generation of the primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response using in vitro mixed-lymphocyte--tumor cell culture and an in vivo technique

In vivo immunization of C57BL/6 mice with FBL-3, a syngeneic Friend-virus-induced leukemia, can induce a specific, T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response, as measured by the ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. In vitro it was difficult to generate an analogous, primary cytotoxic response, using a normal spleen responder population. After modification of the splenic responders by adding normal peritoneal cells, this modified population then had the capacity to mount a primary cytotoxic response in the mixed-lymphocyte-tumor cell culture reaction to FBL-3. We have characterized the effector population as well as the helper (peritoneal) cells which were responsible for elevating the cytolytic response to FBL-3. The results indicate that there are at least two populations of cells which are essential for inducing a primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response. First, the effectors which are directly responsible for mediating the cytotoxic reactions and are derived from radiosensitive T cells and second, a helper cell population which is radioresistant and has the characteristics of macrophages.