Differences between horse selection based on two forms of osteochondrosis in fetlock

Horses lose potential opportunities because of health problems. Available breeding strategies are not effective enough, probably also because of the different definition used and its genetic usefulness. The aim of the study was to compare the genetic background estimated by the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for osteochondrosis using two different scaling osteochondrosis (OC)/healthy and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)/healthy systems for evaluating the disease status of investigated fetlock joints. Two hundred one Warmblood horses trained for performance tests (87 stallions and 114 mares) were phenotyped and genotyped. Four fetlock x-ray images per horse were collected using the RTG Girth HF 80 and Vet Scan ray 3600. The DNA of each horse was genotyped using the BeadChip 70K. To identify SNPs that significantly affect the probability of osteochondrosis, two different methods were applied: the Cochran-Armitage test based on an additive mode of inheritance and logistic regression. The genetic background for osteochondrosis, expressed in the number of SNPs found with significant associations with osteochondrosis, was higher by evaluation in the scale of OCD/healthy horses (16 SNPs on several chromosomes mainly on the ECA1 and ECA10) than OC/healthy (2 SNPs on the ECA15 and one SNP on the ECA10). Detailed definition of osteochondrosis is needed in breeding and in veterinary practice. The genetic background for osteochondrosis and osteochondrosis dissecans seems not the same. Suggestive SNPs could be the candidate markers for osteochondrosis but should be checked on a larger population before usage.     

DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INSECTICIDES BETWEEN ADULTS AND LARVAE OF HOUSEFLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA (L.)

Abstract  In this paper, we reported the differences in susceptibility to insecticides between adults and larvae of housefly, Musca domestica (L.), and the mechanisms for the differences. The larvae of housefly were much more tolerant to insecticides than the adults, and the tolerance ratio to cyhalothrin was as high as 205.5 for susceptible strain. Mechanism studies showed that higher GST activity was associated with higher insecticide tolerance in the larvae. The co-toxicity coefficient of the mixture of cyhalothrin and methylene dithiocyanate(4:1) on pyrehid-resistant houseflies was 188.     

脑室注射P物质对大鼠血压、心率及交感传出活动的影响

给乌拉坦麻醉六鼠侧脑室注射P物质(SP)10μg,引起动脉血压、心率和内脏交感神经放电增加。同样剂量的SP静脉注射后却引起血压降低。阿托品预处理不影响SP的开心率作用。预先脑室注射0.25,4,64μg阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮,对SP的升压效应有剂量依赖式对抗作用。以上说明脑室注射SP 引起的血压升高是交感神经活动增强,导致心率加快及外周血管紧张性增加的结果,并提示SP的中枢升压效应可能与脑内释放内源性阿片样物质有关。     

大麻叶蜂的研究

大麻叶蜂是安徽麻区大麻上的主要害虫之一.单食性,以幼虫咀食大麻叶片形成孔洞和缺刻,严重时仅残留叶柄和主叶脉,致使麻皮产量锐减.据室内饲养及结合田间定点观察,大麻叶蜂在安徽六安每年发生二代,以老熟幼虫于土内结茧越冬.两性或孤雌生殖,幼虫六龄、三龄前食量小,是药剂防治的有利时机,幼虫有趋嫩性和假死性. 室内测定和田间试验表明,喷洒杀螟松、乐果、西维因和敌敌畏1,000倍液,对三龄前幼虫有很好的效果,特别是杀螟松效果更佳,杀虫快速,药效期长,即使对高龄幼虫仍有良好的效果.