中国辅齿姬蜂属纪要(膜翅目:姬蜂科,犁姬蜂亚科)

辅齿姬蜂属Yamatarotes Uchida主要特征是:唇基端半部平坦,且薄,端缘不具齿;盾纵沟强壮,且平行地伸展至中胸盾片中部消失;肘间横脉位于第2迴脉内侧,两者间距小于肘间横脉长;后足跗爪内侧具小齿;腹部第1节腹板隆肿具直立的毛。     

常量喷布植物乳油对大田害虫杀虫活性类型分析

1％稗Echinochlca crusgalli Beauv乳油(稗籽净油:甲苯:SOS=1:0.01:0.005)对大田棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover充分显示较强的触杀活性。其触杀效果与丁硫威(Marshal)一致,并能抑制黄瓜系统花叶病(cmv,mmv)的发生。1980—83年,我们筛选、提取了部分植物性物质,并利用这些提取物在田间水稻和蔬菜害虫中进行一系列试验,产生了一定击倒、触杀和拒避效果。     

小地老虎及粘虫幼虫对灭幼脲表现自然耐药力的体壁结构和生化基础

小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon rottem.幼虫对灭幼脲具有一定的自然耐药力。本文以粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)作为敏感性虫种与之进行比较,实验结果表明,灭幼脲对两种试虫的室内毒力相差4倍左右,引起差异的原因,在体壁结构方面主要在于:(1)小地老虎幼虫的表皮层较粘虫的厚4.2倍左右;(2)上表皮不是匀质结构,依靠少数蜡道与体表沟通;(3)几丁质片层内的孔道数较少,仅及粘虫的1/4。由此构成了表皮对疏水性的灭幼脲表现抗穿透的性能。小地老虎幼虫体壁还含有较强的生化防卫体系,灭幼脲对多功能氧化酶、芳基酰胺酶有明显激活效应,这两种酶都是灭幼脲的降解酶。由此认为,小地老虎幼虫对灭幼脲所表现的自然耐药力,是由体壁的抗穿透性能以及由灭幼脲所激活的适应酶所造成。     

Effect of interferon treatment on blockade of protein synthesis induced by poliovirus infection

Treatment of HeLa cells with lymphoblastoid interferon leads to a drastic inhibition of infective poliovirus. Even relatively high concentrations of human lymphoblastoid interferon HuIFN-alpha (Ly) (400 IU/ml) do not prevent destruction of the cell monolayer after most of the cells have been infected with poliovirus. Analysis of macromolecular synthesis in a single step growth cycle of poliovirus in interferon-treated cells detected no viral protein synthesis. In spite of this inhibition of viral translation, the shut-off of host protein synthesis in interferon-treated cells is apparent when they are infected both at low and high multiplicities. Although viral RNA synthesis is inhibited considerably in cells treated with interferon, a certain amount is detected, suggesting that some viral replication takes place. Analysis of membrane permeability after poliovirus infection shows a leakage to 86Rb+ ions and modification of membrane permeability to the translation inhibitor hygromycin B at the moment when the bulk of virus protein synthesis occurs. These changes are delayed and even prevented if cells are pretreated with interferon. A situation is described in which host protein synthesis is shut-down with no major changes in membrane permeability, as studied by the two tests mentioned above. Prevention of viral gene expression by inactivation with ultraviolet light of the input virus or by treatment with cycloheximide blocks the shut-off of protein synthesis. This does not occur in the presence of 3 mM guanidine. These observations are in agreement with the idea that some poliovirus protein synthesis takes place in interferon-treated cells and this early gene expression is necessary to block cellular protein synthesis.     

河南开封地区间日疟原虫在中华按蚊体内的发育观察

十余年来,广东、河南、陕西等省均报告有形态特殊的间日疟原虫存在,并曾被命名为间日疟原虫多核亚种(Plasmodium vivax multincleatum)(江静波等,1965),或称为变异的间日疟原虫(张奎等,1980),以上命名均是以疟原虫红内期的形态特征为依据,其在蚊体内的发育特征如何,则尚缺乏报告。1979年我们曾初步观察了该虫在蚊体内的发育情况(江静波等,1980),于后,1980年又对该种疟原虫在中华按蚊体内的发育情况进行了较系统的观察,现将结果报告如下:     

鹿科动物的染色体组型及其进化

染色体是遗传物质的主要携带者。在动植物进化过程中,染色体在数量和结构上的变化,无疑对物种形成起重要的作用。染色体的变化往往引起基因的重新排列和遗传物质的增加或丢失。染色体在结构和数量上的差异还往往造成两个本来很相近的群体间的生殖隔离而形成新种。染色体组型和染色体的带型都代表着种的特性,它为不同动物在分类研究和确定其在进化过程中的位置提供了一个新的和重要的标准。可是,染色体的结构既是稳定的,同时又是可变的。染色体组型的改变是以染色体组的结构特点为基础     

Enhancement of susceptibility of HSV-1-infected cells to natural killer lysis by interferon

The effect of interferon (IFN) on the natural killer (NK) activity of human PBL against HSV-1-infected HeLa cells was studied. Human PBL from several individuals did not consistently show a preferential lysis of HSV-1-, vaccinia-, or adenovirus type 5-infected cells with respect to uninfected HeLa cells. Treatment with IFN of effector PBL increased their lytic activity but did not alter the degree of preference on the lysis of the target cells shown by untreated PBL. Pretreatment with IFN of HSV-1-infected HeLa cells increased their susceptibility to lysis 5- to 10-fold. In contrast, identical pretreatment of the uninfected, adenovirus type 5- or vaccinia virus-infected HeLa cells before the assay decreased their susceptibility to NK lysis. This effect was not likely to be due to a block of the viral replication because other inhibitors like mitomycin C did not have the same effect. All target cells induced IFN synthesis in effector PBL cells. A similar level of IFN was induced by HSV-1-infected or uninfected HeLa cells. Pretreatment with IFN of HSV-1-infected, but not uninfected, HeLa cells induced 5 to 10 times more IFN by PBL, in good correlation with the increase in lytic activity. PBL treated with IFN, however, in conditions to give maximal stimulation of NK activity, presented the same preferential lysis of HSV-1-infected HeLa cells and synthesized similar levels of IFN as untreated PBL. In addition, HSV-1-infected HeLa cells were killed through different target structures than uninfected cells. Taken together, our results indicate an effect of IFN at the level of the NK target structures in HSV-1-infected HeLa cells by increasing either their number or, more likely, their affinity for NK cells independent of the effect of IFN in the effector cells or as an antiviral agent.     

Topography of the subunits of Micrococcus lysodeikticus F1-ATPase

Summary The combined use of proteolytic digestion and lactoperoxidase catalyzed labelling with [¹²⁵I] applied to membrane-bound or soluble pure F₁-ATPase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus has allowed us to establish the topography of its , , and subunits within the protein molecule and with respect to the plane of the membrane.The subunit is most externally located to the membrane bilayer looking towards the cytoplasmic face, a position consistent with its proposed catalytic role. The and subunits lie in an intermediate layer between the subunits and the membrane, in which the subunit occupies a central position within the F₁-ATPase molecule in contact with the subunit. The subunit appears to be tightly bound to the F₀ component of the ATPase complex, probably buried in the membrane bilayer. A molecular arrangement of M. lysodeikticus ATPase is proposed that, taking into account the subunit stoichiometry _{3 3 2 2} (MW 420 000), accommodates the role assigned to each subunit and most, if not all, the known properties of this bacterial energy-transducing protein.