黄瑞木果实红色素的分离及其化学结构研究

采用纸层析、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和液-质联用等技术对福建野生黄瑞木〔Adinandra millettii(Hook. et Arn.)Benth.〕果实红色素进行了分析研究。结果表明,该红色素主要含有矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷(cyanidin-3-rutinoside)和矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷(cyanidin-3-glucoside)2种花色苷,呈鲜艳的红色,可作为天然保健食品的色素添加剂加以推广应用。     

杂交鹅掌楸不同无性系对Pb胁迫的生理响应及抗性比较

采用盆栽法研究了4个杂交鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense×L.tulipifera)无性系扦插苗对土壤Pb胁迫的生理响应与抗性差异。研究结果表明,Pb胁迫能抑制杂交鹅掌楸无性系扦插苗生长,使叶片失绿变黄、根系活力下降,且1.0mg·g-1Pb胁迫的抑制效果更明显。随Pb胁迫时间的延长,4个杂交鹅掌楸无性系扦插苗叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量均持续增加,胁迫结束时,相对电导率和MDA含量分别是对照的1.45~1.92倍和2.23~3.23倍。叶片的POD活性和游离脯氨酸含量在整个Pb胁迫过程中呈先升后降的变化趋势;不同无性系的SOD活性变化存在一定差异。随着Pb浓度的增加,杂交鹅掌楸不同无性系扦插苗各生理指标的变化幅度各异。比较发现,无性系NE60对Pb胁迫的抗性最强。     

Differences in Variation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences from Henan and Shanghai Regions of China

Illegally paid blood donation was a risk factor for HIV acquisition exclusively in Henan and Hubei Provinces of China,and not in Shanghai.Nucleotide sequences in the gag and env genes of HIV-1 were compared between isolates from Henan and Shanghai regions of China to test whether an expected higher degree of a common source of infections from this unique blood donation transmission risk would be evident as decreased variation among Henan isolates in an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.Among 38 isolates studied,23 of 23(100%)from Henan and 8 of 15(54%)from Shanghai were subtype B.In addition,fewer sequence differences were found in gp41 of subtype B isolates from Henan than from Shanghai isolates.Further studies with additional controls are therefore warranted to confirm the role of the degree of a common source of infections in differences in HIV variation across populations.     

Development and Challenge of HIV/AIDS Testing Laboratory Network and Quality Assurance System in China

This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present,the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes,the National AIDS Reference Laboratory,HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities,and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed,which includes technical training,strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection,and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test,more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests,such as CD4 T lymphocyte cell counting,HIV viral load,HIV DNA PCR,genotyping,drug resistance,and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example,the provincial PT program is inefficient,the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily,personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace,which need to be improved.     

玉米水解糖液体培养灵芝发酵条件的优化

目的：优化液体培养灵芝的发酵条件,提高多糖产量。方法：采用玉米水解糖为主要成分的培养基,通过单因素和正交实验,对赤芝G22菌株液体培养过程中影响多糖产量的发酵温度、摇床转速等工艺条件进行了研究。结果：经极差分析和方差分析确定了多糖高产的最佳发酵条件为：发酵温度27℃、摇床转速170r/min、培养基初始pH值6.5、发酵时间144 h。结论：通过优化液体发酵条件,可显著提高灵芝多糖的产量。在最佳发酵条件下液体培养G22菌株,灵芝总多糖产量由1.851g/L提高到2.439g/L,提高了31.0%。     

山杨白桦混交次生林与原始阔叶红松林土壤呼吸作用比较

 比较利用静态箱式法测定长白山原始阔叶红松林(Pinus koraiensis)和次生杨桦混交林的土壤呼吸作用表明,两者土壤呼吸作用的日动态均主要受温度影响,次生林土壤呼吸作用的日变化极值出现时间较原始林提前1～2 h;两者具有明显的季节动态,其中8月土壤呼吸速率最大;在生长季,土壤呼吸速率与土壤含水量关系不显著,而与土壤5 cm温度呈显著的指数关系;生长季(5～9月)次生林土壤释放CO₂量(3 449.4 g·m^－2)约为原始林(2 674.4 g·m^－2)的1.3倍,这可能是由于次生林内具有比原始林较高的温度和较低的土壤含水量,更有利于根系生长代谢和土壤微生物的活动引起的。     

新疆塔里木拜城地区早白垩世舒善河组孢粉组合

基于新疆塔里木盆地北部拜城卡普沙良河剖面下白垩统舒善河组发现的29属48种孢子花粉的研究,建立舒善河组自下而上的4个孢粉亚组合,分别为Classopollis-Cycadopites-Lygodioisporites-Biretisporites(CCLB)亚组合,Classopollis-Dicheiropollis-Schizaeoisporites-Klukisporites(CDSK)亚组合,Classopollis-Dicheiropollis-Par-visaccites-Lygodiumsporites(CDPL)亚组合和Classopollis-Dicheiropollis-Pinuspollenites-Impardecispora(CDPI)亚组合。舒善河组孢粉植物群以松柏类掌鳞杉科植物占优势以及真蕨类海金沙科的繁盛为主要特征。该孢粉植物群与欧洲、亚洲、美洲和澳大利亚早白垩世尼欧克姆期孢粉植物群可以对比。根据孢粉学证据,舒善河组的时代属于尼欧克姆期或欧特里夫期至巴列姆期。     

中国西北地区松科和柏科气孔器形态

现代针叶树气孔器的研究为鉴定化石气孔器奠定了基础,对第四纪植被变化和古气候的研究起着很重要的作用,是第四纪孢粉学的一个重要补充。本文运用常规的标准的孢粉分析方法,对中国西北地区常见的松科3属8种和柏科3属4种植物气孔器进行了观察分析。结果表明凭气孔器大小可以区分松科与柏科。利用气孔器大小、T型结构的形状?上部木质片与气孔器茎之间的夹角进行属的鉴别,再结合茎的长度、宽度、中间木质部的宽、T型外角度和上部木质片外缘形状等可以进行种的鉴别,并编制了一个初步的检索表。     

中国黑龙江水系茴鱼属一新纪录种(鲑形目,茴鱼科)

2006年10～11月,在黑龙江水系(中国境内)的乌苏里江、呼玛河、额木尔河等河流采集到茴鱼属鱼类标本,经鉴定为中国1新纪录种--下游黑龙江茴鱼Thymallus tugarinae.下游黑龙江茴鱼体色鲜艳,背部无或具少量黑色斑点,体侧具鲜艳橙色条纹,明显区别于属内其它物种.与同分布于黑龙江水系的黑龙江茴鱼T.grubii相比,两者在以下性状上存在明显区别:1)新纪录种体侧背部无或仅具少数黑色斑点,后者体侧具有大量黑色斑点;2)新纪录种背鳍鳍条数为23～26,后者为19～22;3)新纪录种体侧具多行间断开的鲜艳橙色条纹,后者无;4)新纪录种背鳍边缘红色带纹宽阔,后者狭窄;5)分布区不同,新纪录种仅分布于黑龙江中下游,后者仅分布于黑龙江中上游.