SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDAL ACTION OF NICOTINE AND CERTAIN OTHER ORGANIC BASES

Nicotine and nicotine salts are taken up by the roots of plants from solutions, and when 0.01–0.001 % nicotine is used the plants become toxic to Aphis fabae and to Pieris brassicae larvae and can be shown to contain nicotine. The results with Phaedon cochleariae adults and larvae are less satisfactory. No systemic action is observed when the nicotine is watered on to soil in which plants are growing and no nicotine can be detected in the plants. Apparently the nicotine is decomposed in the soil.
When applied several times to the upper surface of a bean leaf nicotine kills aphids on the underside. There is some evidence that nicotine can be translocated further through the plant following leaf applications, but the toxic action at any distance is very weak in the plants used in the present experiments and can only be produced by frequent applications of rather concentrated nicotine solutions. Leaf absorption and subsequent translocation has not been observed with nicotine salts.
The various organic bases, including some piperidine phosphonites and allied compounds tested, are of very little interest as contact or systemic insecticides against aphids.     

Cytochemische Untersuchungen über den Zusammenhang von nativer Gärungsintensität und desoxygenem Energiepotential beim anoxybiotischen Phosphatstoffwechsel

Zusammenfassung In vorliegenden Untersuchungen konnte an drei gärungsphysiologisch distinkten Zellkategorien der Nachweis geliefert werden, daß-nach 5-bzw. 24-stündiger anaerober phosphatischer Inkubierung, ausgehend vom P-Mangelstadium — in der ersten Gruppe (stark bis mittelstark gärender Hefetyp) eine M-T-Färbung von stark bis mittelstark eintritt, die in der zweiten Gruppe (mäßig bis schwach gärender Hefetyp) auf mäßig bis schwach absinkt, während in de dritten Gruppe (nicht gärender Hefetyp) der M-T-Test vollkommen negativ ausfällt. Die markant sich abzeichnenden cytologischen Befunde stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den gleichzeitig durchgeführten chemischen Kontrollanalysen.Als gesetzmäßiges Reaktionsprinzip wurde erkannt, daß die Intensität der anaeroben P-Regenerierung nach P-Mangelzüchtung abhängig ist vom Grad des nativen Spaltungsvermögens der Gärungszellen, welches seinerseits einen Maßstab für die Aktivierbarkeit des anaeroben Energiepotentials bildet. Dabei kommt jedoch der Gärung, was durch anabiotische Versuche sichergestellt wurde, keine ergonische Funktion in bezug auf die phosphorylierende P-Transferierung unter anoxybiotischen Bedingungen zu.     

Analysis of a common inheritable idiotype in IgA-deficient sera using monoclonal antibodies

In these studies we describe the production of three mAb raised to an idiotype on an IgG anticasein antibody isolated from the serum of one IgA-deficient blood donor. These are IgM kappa and block the binding of casein Ag to anticasein antibody. Sera of unrelated IgA-deficient donors were tested for the presence of the idiotype; 15 of 56 IgA-deficient sera (25%) contain the anticasein idiotype, whereas 1 of 45 normal sera was positive. Anticasein antibodies as a whole were predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclass; idiotype-positive anticaseins are predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. For IgA-deficient donors, the relative amount of idiotype-positive anticasein antibody was correlated with the level of anticasein present in the serum. Studies were done to investigate the potential inheritance of the idiotype in families; in three of four families the idiotype was inherited in an apparent autosomal dominant pattern. Our data show that a common cross-reactive idiotype can be detected in the sera of IgA-deficient individuals and their family members. This suggests that V region markers may be conserved in this humoral immunodeficiency disease.