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21.
The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida): A World List of Valid Tick Names 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The world's argasid tick fauna comprises 183 species in four genera, namely Argas, Carios, Ornithodoros and Otobius in the family Argasidae. The ixodid tick fauna consists of 241 species in the genus Ixodes and 442 species in the genera Amblyomma, Anomalohimalaya, Bothriocroton, Cosmiomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Margaropus, Nosomma, Rhipicentor and Rhipicephalus in the family Ixodidae, with the genus Boophilus becoming a subgenus of the genus Rhipicephalus. The family Nuttalliellidae is represented by the monospecific genus Nuttalliella. The species names of these ticks, based on seven previous complete or partial listings, as well as those of recently described
new species, are presented in tabular format.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
22.
Numerically equal groups of between five and ten young Merino and Dorper sheep were artificially infested with sheep scab
mites, Psoroptes ovis. Separate groups of sheep were infested during the early winter of two successive years as well as during the early summer
of the second year. Lesion growth was measured at two-weekly intervals for a period of six weeks during the first winter and
for eight weeks during the second winter and in the summer. The rate of lesion growth and mean lesion size on Merino sheep
was significantly greater than that on Dorper sheep at each two-weekly recording during the winter of both years. The rate
of growth of the lesions did not differ significantly between the two sheep breeds during summer, although, with the exception
of eight weeks post-infestation, the mean lesion size on Merino sheep was significantly larger than that on Dorper sheep at
each assessment.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
23.
Horak IG Fourie LJ Heyne H Walker JB Needham GR 《Experimental & applied acarology》2002,27(1-2):113-136
This paper records the identities of 558 ixodid ticks feeding on 194 humans in South Africa. These ticks belonged to 20 species
in six genera and those most frequently encountered were Amblyomma hebraeum, Haemaphysalis leachi, Hyalomma
marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus gertrudae and Rhipicephalus simus. With the exception of the larvae of R. appendiculatus, the incidents of these ticks feeding on humans correlated well with their seasonal occurrences on preferred hosts. Ticks
were also collected at monthly intervals, for 14 consecutive months, from the clothing of a game-guard providing protection
for field-workers engaged in the collection, by means of flannel strips, of free-living ticks from the vegetation of four
localities in the southern region of the Kruger National Park. In addition, with the exception of 3 months when the particular
worker was absent, ticks that fed on one of the field-workers were collected over the same 14-month period. A total of 54,429
free-living ticks belonging to 14 species and six genera were collected from the vegetation at the four localities during
this time and 3751 ticks belonging to 11 species and six genera from the clothing of the game-guard. The larvae of A. hebraeum and Boophilus decoloratus were the most numerous of the immature ticks, and H. leachi and R. simus of the adults on both the vegetation and the guard’s clothing. Ticks fed on the field-worker on six occasions and 14 were
collected, all of which were A. hebraeum larvae.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
24.
Catabolite degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a genome-wide screen identifies eight novel GID genes and indicates the existence of two degradation pathways
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Regelmann J Schüle T Josupeit FS Horak J Rose M Entian KD Thumm M Wolf DH 《Molecular biology of the cell》2003,14(4):1652-1663
Metabolic adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from a nonfermentable carbon source to glucose induces selective, rapid breakdown of the gluconeogenetic key enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), a process called catabolite degradation. Herein, we identify eight novel GID genes required for proteasome-dependent catabolite degradation of FBPase. Four yeast proteins contain the CTLH domain of unknown function. All of them are Gid proteins. The site of catabolite degradation has been controversial until now. Two FBPase degradation pathways have been described, one dependent on the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome machinery, and the other dependent on vacuolar proteolysis. Interestingly, three of the novel Gid proteins involved in ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation have also been reported by others to affect the vacuolar degradation pathway. As shown herein, additional genes suggested to be essential for vacuolar degradation are unnecessary for proteasome-dependent degradation. These data raise the question as to whether two FBPase degradation pathways exist that share components. Detailed characterization of Gid2p demonstrates that it is part of a soluble, cytosolic protein complex of at least 600 kDa. Gid2p is necessary for FBPase ubiquitination. Our studies have not revealed any involvement of vesicular intermediates in proteasome-dependent FBPase degradation. The influence of Ubp14p, a deubiquitinating enzyme, on proteasome-dependent catabolite degradation was further uncovered. 相似文献
25.
Ostadal P Alan D Hajek P Horak D Vejvoda J Trefanec J Mates M Vojacek J 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2003,246(1-2):45-50
The aim of our study was to evaluate whether a single dose of cerivastatin at the time of admission of patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (NQMI) can influence the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) 24 h later. Forty-four patients with rest chest pain and subendocardial ischemia on ECG were randomized to receive cerivastatin 0.3 mg at the time of admission (group C+) to standard therapy or to remain just on standard therapy (group C–). Blood samples for determination of troponin I (TI), CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were collected at admission (entry level) and 24 h later (final level). Patients with non-physiological baseline levels of TI, as well as patients with progression to Q wave MI were excluded. All baseline, clinical and demographic data and final values of TI were comparable in the two groups. In patients treated with cerivastatin (group C+, n = 13) we observed decrease in the CRP level (–6.73 ± 3.93 mg/L); on the other hand, in group C– (n = 17) the CRP level increased (+7.92 ± 2.77 mg/L, p = 0.004). Similar differences were observed also in IL-6: in group C+ the level was significantly reduced as compared with the increase in group C– (–0.76 ± 0.52 vs. 4.58 ± 1.49 ng/L, p = 0.005). The level of IL-8 was not affected. Our results suggest that early treatment with cerivastatin can decrease the serum level of CRP and IL-6 in patients with UAP/NQMI; this might positively influence their prognosis. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to support this hypothesis. 相似文献
26.
Targeted inactivation of the tetraspanin CD37 impairs T-cell-dependent B-cell response under suboptimal costimulatory conditions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
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Knobeloch KP Wright MD Ochsenbein AF Liesenfeld O Löhler J Zinkernagel RM Horak I Orinska Z 《Molecular and cellular biology》2000,20(15):5363-5369
CD37 is a membrane protein of the tetraspanin superfamily, which includes CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82. Many of these molecules are expressed on leukocytes and have been implicated in signal transduction, cell-cell interactions, and cellular activation and development. We generated and analyzed mice deficient for CD37. Despite the high expression of CD37 on cells of the immune system, no changes in development and cellular composition of lymphoid organs were observed in mice lacking CD37. Analyses of humoral immune responses revealed a reduced level of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in the sera of nonimmunized mice and an alteration of responses to T-cell-dependent antigens. Antibody responses to model antigen administered in the absence of adjuvant and to viral infections were generally poor in CD37-deficient mice. These poor antibody responses could be overcome by the immunization of antigen together with adjuvant. These results suggest a role for CD37 in T-cell-B-cell interactions which manifests itself under suboptimal costimulatory conditions. 相似文献
27.
The tick Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) asiaticum Schulze & Schlottke is provisionally considered to belong to the H. (E.) asiaticum group of closely related species. Males of H. asiaticum can be distinguished from those of other species of the group by their long and very deep cervical grooves, long, narrow,
straight adanal plates, long dorsal prolongation of the spiracular plates, dorsal posterior margin of the basis capituli deeply
concave and angular, and unbroken ivory-coloured strip on the dorsal aspect of the leg segments. Females of H. asiaticum can be distinguished from those of other species of the H. asiaticum group by their very deep cervical grooves, narrowly U-shaped genital aperture, with bulging preatrial fold. Larger domestic
and wild ungulates are the principal hosts of the adults, while nymphs and larvae parasitize mainly rodents, leporids and
hedgehogs. Hyalomma asiaticum is widely distributed in Asia, from Syria in the West to eastern China in the East. Here all the parasitic stages of H. asiaticum are illustrated and redescribed. Data on its disease relationships are also provided. 相似文献
28.
Jirman R Horak Z Bouda T Mazanek J Reznicek J 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2011,14(8):673-681
The temporomandibular (TM) joint is one of the most used joints in the human body, and any defect in this joint has a significant influence on quality of life. The objective of this study was to create a parametric numerical finite element (FE) analysis to compare the effect of surgical techniques used for total TM joint replacement implantation on loading the TM joint on the other side. Our hypothesis is that for the optimal function of all total TM joint replacements used in clinical practice it is crucial to devise a minimally invasive surgical technique, whereby there is minimum resection of masticatory muscles. This factor is more important than the design of the usually used total TM joint replacements. The extent of muscle resection influences the mechanical loading of the whole system. In the parametric FE analyses, the magnitude of the TM joint loading was compared for four different ranges of muscle resections during bite, using an anatomical model. The results obtained from all FE analyses support our hypothesis that an increasing extent of the muscle resection increased the magnitude of the TM joint overloading on the opposite side. The magnitude of the TM joint overloading increased depending on the muscle resection to 235% for bite on an incisor and up to 491% for bite on molars. Our study leads to a recommendation that muscle resection be minimised during replacement implantation and to a proposal that the attachment of the condylar part of the TM joint replacement be modified. 相似文献
29.
Development of humanized antibodies as cancer therapeutics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Qu Z Griffiths GL Wegener WA Chang CH Govindan SV Horak ID Hansen HJ Goldenberg DM 《Methods (San Diego, Calif.)》2005,36(1):84-95
Recent success in the development of monoclonal antibody-based anti-cancer drugs has largely benefitted from the advancements made in recombinant technologies and cell culture production. These reagents, derived from the antibodies of mouse origin, while maintaining the exquisite specificity and affinity to the tumor antigens, have low immunogenicity and toxicity in human. High-level expressing cell clones are generated and used to produce large quantities of the recombinant antibodies in bioreactors in order to meet the clinical demand for therapeutic applications. In this report, the systems and general methodologies developed by us to construct and produce humanized antibodies from the parent mouse antibodies are described. Once the humanized antibodies are available, they can be applied in three principal forms for cancer therapy: (1) naked antibodies, (2) drug- or toxin conjugates, and (3) radioconjugates. Using the humanized anti-CD22 (epratuzumab) and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (ant-CEA; labetuzumab) antibody prototypes, clinical applications of naked and radiolabeled humanized monoclonal antibodies are described. 相似文献
30.
Sharkey RM Cardillo TM Rossi EA Chang CH Karacay H McBride WJ Hansen HJ Horak ID Goldenberg DM 《Nature medicine》2005,11(11):1250-1255
Here we describe molecular imaging of cancer using signal amplification of a radiotracer in situ by pretargeting a multivalent, bispecific antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which subsequently also captures a radioactive hapten-peptide. Human colon cancer xenografts as small as approximately 0.15 g were disclosed in nude mice within 1 h of giving the radiotracer, with tumor/blood ratios increased by >or=40-fold (approximately 10:1 at 1 h, approximately 100:1 at 24 h), compared to a (99m)Tc-labeled CEA-specific F(ab') used clinically for colorectal cancer detection, while also increasing tumor uptake tenfold ( approximately 20% injected dose/g) under optimal conditions. This technology could be adapted to other antibodies and imaging modalities. 相似文献