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排序方式: 共有496条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
T Volk 《Trends in genetics : TIG》1999,15(11):448-453
The precise match between somatic muscles and their epidermal attachment cells is achieved through a continuous dialogue between these two cell types. Whereas tendon cells direct myotube migration and final patterning, the muscles are essential for the maintenance of the fate of tendon cells. The Drosophila neuregulin-like ligand, Vein, and its receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), are critical components in the inductive signaling process that takes place between muscles and tendon cells. Additional gene products that relay the Vein-Egfr effect in Drosophila are conserved in the vertebrate neuregulin-mediated cascade. This review describes genetic and molecular aspects of the muscle-tendon inductive processes in Drosophila, and compares them with the relevant mechanisms in the vertebrate embryo. 相似文献
62.
A procedure based on that of Van Slyke and LoMonte (Microchem. J.14, 608–626, 1969) is described for the mass spectrometric analysis of 15N in nitrate extracted from plant tissue. The extract is evaporated to dryness in a disposable borosilicate test tube, which forms the basal part of a reaction flask. After evacuation of the flask, nitrate is reduced to nitric oxide by sonication with mercury in 18 n H2SO4. The atom percentage 15N is calculated from the relative intensities of the 14NO and 15NO peaks of the mass spectrum. The method is unaffected by reduced nitrogen compounds which are present in plant tissue extracts. 相似文献
63.
64.
Three aquatic ecosystems in South Africa, the Hartbeespoort, Klipvoor and Bospoort Dams, are classified as hyper-eutrophic, because of high nutrient loads and chemical pollution. Water and two fish species, Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio, were collected from these dams to assess the impact of eutrophication and chemical pollutants on their health status. Water and muscle samples were analysed for organic and inorganic chemicals. Condition factor was determined and a necropsy performed to note any macroscopic abnormalities. A histology-based fish health assessment was done on the liver, kidney, gills and gonads. A number of fish from the three dams exhibited livers with fatty change and focal discoloration, skin lesions and parasites within the visceral cavity. The prevalence and severity of histopathology in the liver resulted in higher liver index values than the index values for kidneys and gills. Aluminium, silicon and chromium were detected in the water and muscle tissue. The DDT metabolite p,p’-DDE was present in both species, as well as in fish from the reference site, Marico-Bosveld Dam. Only C. gariepinus from Hartbeespoort Dam had p,p’-DDD levels higher than 5 µg g?1 per edible portion. Water from hyper-eutrophic dams adversely affects the health of freshwater fish. 相似文献
65.
Milica D olovi GM Jankovi RB olovi Vesna M Martinovi-emeriki 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1998,15(4):286-288
A case of primary nonsecretory plasmacytoma of the spleen is reported. On laparotomy and splenectomy a 920 g spleen was removed,
measuring 16×14×6 cm. The cut surface of the entire spleen showed that the tumour occupied most of the splenic tissue. A bone
marrow aspirate and trephine, skeletal survey showed no signs of myeloma. Biopsy of the liver and regional lymph nodes was
normal. Immunocytochemistry of the splenic tumour showed positivity for pan-B and plasma cell markers. After splenectomy the
patient was treated with chemotherapy according to protocol VBCMP (M2). 相似文献
66.
67.
Simultaneous Influx and Efflux of Nitrate during Uptake by Perennial Ryegrass 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:5
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![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Experiments with intact plants of Lolium perenne previously grown with 14NO3− revealed significant efflux of this isotopic species when the plants were transferred to solutions of highly enriched 15NO3−. The exuded 14NO3− was subsequently reabsorbed when the ambient solutions were not replaced. When they were frequently replaced, continual efflux of the 14NO3− was observed. Influx of 15NO3− was significantly greater than influx of 14NO3− from solutions of identical NO3− concentration. Transferring plants to 14NO3− solutions after a six-hour period in 15NO3− resulted in efflux of the latter. Presence of Mg2+, rather than Ca2+, in the ambient 15NO3− solution resulted in a decidedly increased rate of 14NO3− efflux and a slight but significant increase in 15NO3− influx. Accordingly, net NO3− influx was slightly depressed. A model in accordance with these observations is presented; its essential features include a passive bidirectional pathway, an active uptake mechanism, and a pathway for recycling of endogenous NO3− within unstirred layers from the passive pathway to the active uptake site. 相似文献
68.
69.
Impacts of the Reduction of Nutrient Levels on Bacterial Water Quality in Distribution Systems 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
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![点击此处可从《Applied microbiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
This study evaluated the impacts of reducing nutrient levels on bacterial water quality in drinking water. Two American Water System facilities (sites NJ102a and IN610) with histories of coliform problems were involved, and each water utility received two pilot distribution systems (annular reactors). One reactor simulated the conventional treatment conditions (control), while the other reactor was used to assess the effect of biological filtration and subsequent reduced biodegradable organic matter levels on suspended (water column) and biofilm bacterial concentrations in the distribution systems. Biodegradable organic matter levels were reduced approximately by half after biological treatment. For site NJ102a, the geometric mean of the assimilable organic carbon concentrations was 217 μg/liter in the plant effluent and 91 μg/liter after biological filtration. For both sites, plant effluent biodegradable dissolved organic carbon levels averaged 0.45 mg/liter, versus 0.19 to 0.22 mg/liter following biological treatment. Biological treatment improved the stability of free chlorine residuals, while it had little effect on chloramine consumption patterns. High bacterial levels from the biological filters resulted in higher bacterial concentrations entering the test reactors than entering the control reactors. On average, biofilms in the model systems were reduced by 1 log unit (from 1.4 × 105 to 1.4 × 104 CFU/cm2) and 0.5-log unit (from 2.7 × 105 to 7.8 × 104 CFU/cm2) by biological treatment at sites NJ102a and IN610, respectively. Interestingly, it required several months of biological treatment before there was an observable impact on bacterial water quality in the system, suggesting that the effect of the treatment change was influenced by other factors (i.e., pipe conditions or disinfection, etc.). 相似文献
70.
R Arnold M Seifert K Asadullah H D Volk 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1999,162(12):7140-7147
Apoptosis mediated by Fas/FasL interaction plays an important role during many inflammatory skin disorders. To estimate whether the expression of FasL, the ligand for Fas, might be regulated by cytokines we stimulated primary human keratinocytes with several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Keratinocytes cultured to subconfluence expressed FasL constitutively. Cells stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-15, respectively, increased significantly their intracellular as well as cell surface-bound FasL expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This cytokine-induced FasL expression was dependent on new protein synthesis. Despite enhanced expression of cell surface-bound FasL, no release of soluble FasL was measured in the cell supernatants determined by ELISA. Stimulation of the cells with IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TGF-beta1, and GM-CSF did not modulate the constitutive FasL expression, but IFN-gamma-mediated FasL up-regulation was significantly diminished by IL-10 and TGF-beta1, respectively. Up-regulation of FasL on IFN-gamma-stimulated keratinocytes led to increased apoptosis within monolayers cultured for 48 h. Moreover, coculture experiments performed with Fas+ Jurkat T cells revealed that enhanced FasL expression on IFN-gamma-stimulated keratinocytes induced apoptosis in cocultured T cells, demonstrating that up-regulated FasL was functionally active. In summary, our data suggest the important regulatory role of cytokine-controlled Fas/FasL interaction in the cross-talk between keratinocytes and skin-infiltrating T cells for maintenance of homeostasis in inflammatory skin processes. 相似文献