Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) indicate Late Cretaceous tribal diversification

The aphid subfamily Hormaphidinae is a good candidate for the study of the evolution of insect – plant relationships. Most hormaphidine species depend on woody primary host plants and woody or herbaceous secondary host plants, and represent high host specificity, especially to their primary hosts. No detailed molecular phylogeny of Hormaphidinae has been reported, and the taxonomic positions of some taxa in this group remain unclear. To reconstruct major phylogenetic relationships and to understand the evolution of host association patterns for major lineages, we present the first detailed molecular phylogeny of Hormaphidinae, as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. The monophyly of Hormaphidinae and its three traditional tribes was supported, and a sister relationship between Hormaphidini and Nipponaphidini was suggested. Most inner relationships within tribes were also supported, and some novel relationships were revealed. Two subtribes of Cerataphidini are proposed. Divergence times estimated using a Bayesian approach indicate that tribal diversifications occurred during the Late Cretaceous and were coincident with the appearance of their primary host plants. The current pattern of secondary host association for the three tribes may have evolved in different time ranges. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 165 , 73–87.     

大熊猫胃肠道内分泌细胞分布型的研究

本文用ＰＡＰ法对３只大熊猫胃底,幽门腺区、十二脂肠,空肠,回肠、结肠和直肠的五羟色胺,生长抑素,胃素,胆囊收缩囊,神经降压素、胃动素、抑胃多肽、胰高血糖素、血管活性肠肽和内啡肽的ＩＲ细胞进行了研究。结果表明,大熊猫胃肠道粘膜上皮中具有前八种ＩＲ细胞。对７年龄个体胃肠各段相对数量的比较和各段内分布情况的观察结果表明,除五羟色胺ＩＲ细胞在空肠分布较多外,大多数种类的ＩＲ细胞集中分布于幽门区和十二指肠,     

锂对铅引起的大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强效应（LTP）损伤的修复作用

应用离体脑片记录技术,记录大鼠海马CA1区的兴奋性突触后电位(EPSPs),研究了锂对铅引起的大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强效应(long-termpotentiation,LTP)损伤的修复作用。结果表明:对照组大鼠海马CA1区LTP幅度为194.42±14.05%(n=10);铅处理组LTP的幅度为147.06±9.55%(n=13);而锂加铅处理组LTP的幅度为193.45±14.91%(n=15)。与对照组相比,铅处理组LTP的幅度降低了47.36%,而锂几乎完全修复了铅对大鼠海马CA1区LTP幅度的损伤。锂和铅处理后对大鼠海马CA1区的双脉冲易化(paired-pulsefacilica-tion,PPF)都有一定的抑制作用,在脉冲间隔为50ms时,这种抑制效应最大:对照组为155.58±6.35%(n=7);铅暴露组为150.26±13.74%(n=8);锂加铅处理组为140.59±15.42%(n=8)。结果表明:锂对铅引起大鼠海马CA1区LTP的损伤有一定的修复作用。     

感应电治疗股外侧皮神经炎临床观察

目的:探讨感应电治疗股外侧皮神经炎的临床疗效.方法:将符合纳入标准的股外侧皮神经炎患者88例随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组在髂前上棘下10cm处进行肌肉注射维生素B 1100mg和B1 20.5mg治疗,治疗组用感应电治疗.结果:治疗一疗程后蚁走感、烧灼感、麻木感积分改善情况治疗组与对照组比较差异有显著性(p<0.01或<0.05),治疗二疗程后各症状积分改善情况治疗组与对照组比较差异有显著性(p<0.01或<0.05);治疗一疗程后及治疗二疗程后治疗组的临床疗效均优于对照组(p<0.01或<0.05).结论:感应电治疗股外侧皮神经炎疗效较好,值得临床推广.     

Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in the masson pine moth Dendrolimus punctatus Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

A set of 10 polymorphic di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellite loci were developed for the forestry pest insect, masson pine moth, Dendrolimus punctatus Walker. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.285 to 0.859, and the observed allele numbers from five to 19. Cross species amplification of these loci in four other congeneric pine moth species indicates variable levels of loci conservation and thus cross‐applicability. Therefore, the microsatellite loci reported here should be useful for population genetic and other related studies in the masson pine moth and other closely related species.     

Induction of apoptosis and change of bcl—2 expression in macrophage Ana—1 cells by all—trans retinoic acid

Macrophage cells play an important role in the initiation and regulation of the immune response.All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its natural and synthetic analogs (retinoids)affect a large number of biological processes.Recently,retinoids have been shown promise in the therapy and prevention of various cancers.However,many interesting questions related to the activities of retinoids remain to be answered:(I) Molecular mechanisms by which retinoids exert their effects;（Ⅱ)why the clinical uses of retinoids give undesirable side effects of varying severity with a higher frequency of blood system symptoms;(Ⅲ)little is known for its impacts on macrophage cells etc.We set up this experiment,therefore,to examine the apoptosis of ATRA on macrophage Ana-1 cell line.Apoptosis of the cells was quantitated,after staining cells with propidium iodide(PI),by both accounting nuclear condensation and flow cytometry.When the cells were treated with ATRA at or higher than 1μM for more than 24h,significant amount of the apoptotic cells was observed.Induction of apoptosis of Ana-1 cells by ATRA was in time-and dose-dependent manners,exhibiting the similar pattern as the apoptosis induced by actinomycin D (ACTD).ATRA treatment of Ana-1 cells also caused the changes of the mRNA levels of apoptosis-associated gene bcl-2,as detected by Northern blot analysis.The temporal changes of bcl-2 expression by ATRA was also parallel to that by ACTD.In conclusion,ATRA can induce apoptosis in macrophage cells,which may be helpful in understanding of immunological functions retinoids.     

护理士官分子生物学常用实验技术备课体会

目的：通过精心备课,以提高分子生物学教学中护理士官学员的学习效果。方法：在护理士官分子生物学常用实验技术理论教学中,从备学员、备目的要求、备内容、备方法和备小结几方面做好充分准备。结果：教学准备充分,学员学习兴趣浓,热情高。结论：结合护理士官特点备课,可以提高学员学习效果。     

人乳头瘤病毒16E5突变与宫颈癌的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpapillomavirus)HPV是发生宫颈癌的必要条件,人乳头瘤病毒16E5癌基因突变与宫颈癌的发生有密切的相关性。人乳头瘤病毒E5是一种转化作用的癌蛋白,是细胞膜或内膜整合蛋白。人乳头瘤病毒E5在感染的细胞中表达。主要在感染细胞克隆早期的繁殖,扩张中起重要作用。它干预生长因子受体,干扰周期蛋白和周期蛋白激酶,促进病毒癌基因转化,抑制抑癌基因表达,激活启动子促进病毒繁殖,并通过多种机制促使损伤细胞,通过细胞周期,使宿主细胞增殖,分化延缓,恶性化。E5基因变异意味着功能有可能改变,可能机体或细胞对病毒变异株的免疫能力,与宫颈癌的发生和HPV的嗜上皮性有关,因此对人乳头瘤病毒16E5基因变异的研究对于人乳头瘤病毒16在宫颈癌发病中的作用有着不可忽略的意义。本文对人乳头瘤病毒16E5突变株在宫颈癌组织中的作用及其基因突变的研究现状进行分析。     

Shifts in the ecological niche of Lutzomyia peruensis under climate change scenarios in Peru

The Peruvian Andes presents a climate suitable for many species of sandfly that are known vectors of leishmaniasis or bartonellosis, including Lutzomyia peruensis (Diptera: Psychodidae), among others. In the present study, occurrences data for Lu. peruensis were compiled from several items in the scientific literature from Peru published between 1927 and 2015. Based on these data, ecological niche models were constructed to predict spatial distributions using three algorithms [Support vector machine (SVM), the Genetic Algorithm for Rule‐set Prediction (GARP) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt)]. In addition, the environmental requirements of Lu. peruensis and three niche characteristics were modelled in the context of future climate change scenarios: (a) potential changes in niche breadth; (b) shifts in the direction and magnitude of niche centroids, and (c) shifts in elevation range. The model identified areas that included environments suitable for Lu. peruensis in most regions of Peru (45.77%) and an average altitude of 3289 m a.s.l. Under climate change scenarios, a decrease in the distribution areas of Lu. peruensis was observed for all representative concentration pathways. However, the centroid of the species' ecological niche showed a northwest direction in all climate change scenarios. The information generated in this study may help health authorities responsible for the supervision of strategies to control leishmaniasis to coordinate, plan and implement appropriate strategies for each area of risk, taking into account the geographic distribution and potential dispersal of Lu. peruensis.     

口腔修复膜植入预防腮腺手术后Frey综合征

目的：观察口腔修复膜（异种脱细胞真皮基质）植入对腮腺术后Frey综合征的预防作用。方法：我科近五年来施行的腮腺手术病人共75例,其中35例选择在皮瓣与腮腺床之间植入口腔修复膜,术后随访1-2年,以患者主观症状判断是否存在Frey综合征。结果：在未使用口腔修复膜的患者中,有29例（72．5％）出现Frey综合征的症状,在使用修复膜的患者中只有1例（2．9％）出现症状。两组之间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：口腔修复膜（异种脱细胞真皮基质）能有效预防腮腺手术后Frey综合征的发生。