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31.
Summary The role of tubular mastigonemes in the reversal of thrust of the anterior flagellum ofPhytophthora cinnamomi was analysed using mastigoneme-specific monoclonal antibodies and immunoflu-orescence and video microscopy. Exposure of live zoospores ofP. cinnamomi to the mastigoneme-specific Zg antibodies caused alterations in the arrangement of mastigonemes on the flagellar surface and at Zg concentrations above 0.3 /ml, mastigonemes became detached from the flagellum. As a consequence of antibody binding to the mastigonemes there were concentration-dependent perturbations in zoospore swimming behaviour and anterior flagellum beat pattern. With increasing antibody concentration zoospores swam more slowly and other parameters of their swimming pattern, such as the wavelength of the swimming helix and the frequency of rotation, were also reduced. The effects of Zg antibodies were specific at two levels: control immunoglobulins or antibodies that bound to other flagellar surface components did not have an effect on motility, and Zg antibodies did not interfere with the motility of zoospores of oomycete species to which they did not bind. The effects of antibody-induced disruption of mastigoneme arrangement strongly support previous hypotheses that tubular mastigonemes are responsible for thrust reversal by the anterior flagellum, enabling it to pull the cell through the surrounding medium. 相似文献
32.
Angela Lombardi Michele Saviano Flavia Nastri Ornella Maglio Marco Mazzeo Carlo Pedone Carla Isernia Vincenzo Pavone 《Biopolymers》1996,38(6):683-691
In the present paper we describe the synthesis, purification, and single crystal x-ray analysis of the cyclic pentapeptide cyclo-(Pro-Phe-Phe-β-Ala-β-Ala). This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 from methanol and adopts in the solid state an unusual conformation characterized by a cis β-Ala5-Pro1 peptide bond and by an intramolecular hydrogen bond stabilizing a C11- and a C12-ring structure. The C11, structure contains the Phe3 and the β-Ala4 at the corner position of the turn; it is the first observation of a type II β-turn enlargement due to the insertion of an extra methylene group of the β-alanine residue. The rest of the molecule participates in a newly characterized C12-ring structure, which incorporates a β-Ala residue at position i of the turn. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
33.
Mosca A D'Alagni M Del Prete R De Michele GP Summanen PH Finegold SM Miragliotta G 《Anaerobe》1995,1(1):21-24
In this study we describe two properties of the Gram-negative bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia, namely the ability to clot Limulus lysate and the capacity to induce the production of tissue factor-like procoagulant activity by human mononuclear cells in vitro. Although exhibited at a lower degree when compared with those of typical Gram-negative bacteria or Gram-negative endotoxin those activities may account in part for Bilophila's pathogenicity. The capacity indeed to induce fibrin formation through the interaction with mononuclear cells suggests one mechanism by which the microorganism might cause abscess formation in the host. Moreover, since this activity is dependent on the number of Bilophila interacting with mononuclear cells, we hypothesize that this biological activity is closely influenced by growth environment. 相似文献
34.
David W. Inouye Douglas E. Gill Michele R. Dudash Charles B. Fenster 《American journal of botany》1994,81(12):1517-1530
As pollination biology undergoes unprecedented growth as a discipline, confusion in the use of terms has become increasingly common. The need for a flexible yet unambiguous terminology has become urgent. As an example we discuss how the term “pollination efficiency” is used differently by 18 studies, and “pollinator effectiveness” by seven others. Here we present flowcharts of two general models of pollination systems (biotic and abiotic) that trace all the events from pollen production to development of seed or fruit, and we develop a lexicon for the quantities of pollen, processes of transfers (to a vector, to a stigma), and ratios of quantities that are of interest in studies of pollination and mating systems. An appendix includes a glossary of the definitions we suggest. 相似文献
35.
Jonathan P. Rast Michele K. Anderson Ronda T. Litman M. Margittai Gary W. Litman Tatsuya Ota Michael J. Shamblott 《Immunogenetics》1994,40(2):83-99
The prototypic chondrichthyan immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain type (type I) isolated from Heterodontus francisci (horned shark) has a clustered organization in which variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) elements are in relatively close linkage (V-J-C). Using a polymerase chain reaction-based approach on a light chain peptide sequence from the holocephalan, Hydrolagus colliei (spotted ratfish), it was possible to isolate members of a second light chain gene family. A probe to this light chain (type II) detects homologs in two orders of elasmobranchs, Heterodontus, a galeomorph and Raja erinacea (little skate), a batoid, suggesting that this light chain type may be present throughout the cartilaginous fishes. In all cases, V, J, and C regions of the type II gene are arranged in closely linked clusters typical of all known Ig genes in cartilaginous fishes. All representatives of this type II gene family are joined in the germline. A third (kappa-like) light chain type from Heterodontus is described. These findings establish that a degree of light chain class complexity comparable to that of the mammals is present in the most phylogenetically distant extant jawed vertebrates and that the phenomenon of germline-joined (pre-rearranged) genes, described originally in the heavy chain genes of cartilaginous fishes, extends to light chain genes. 相似文献
36.
37.
Butler Michael J. Aphale Jayant S. DiZonno Michele A. Krygsman Phyllis Walczyk Eva Malek Lawrence T. 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1994,13(1):24-29
Summary We have investigated the aminopeptidase activities present inStreptomyces lividans strains. The majority of these activities proved to be intracellular with multiple active species. Two aminopeptidase P genes were identified to be responsible for the ability to hydrolyze amino terminal peptide bonds adjacent to proline residues. Two other broad spectrum aminopeptidases were found to display homology at both the DNA and protein levels. One showed significant homology to PepN proteins, particularly around the putative zinc-binding residues which are important for catalysis. The second broad spectrum activity was not analyzed in detail but showed a different spectrum of substrate specificity to that of PepN. 相似文献
38.
Magnani P. Paganelli G. Siccardi A. G. Songini C. Colombo P. Faglia G. Fazio F. 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1994,24(1-3):307-313
For various pituitary adenomas, it has been demonstrated that somatostatin receptor can be present. Pilot studies have shown
that radio-indium labeled pentetreotide allows very good scintigraphic localization of somatostatin receptor-bearing cell
masses. Recently, the presence of CgA in pituitary adenomas has also been demonstrated. MAb A11, raised against CgA, has been
successfully used with a three-step ISG for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Therefore the combined use of three-step
ISG with MAb A11 and radiolabeled somatostatin can be useful in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. Twelve patients, 5 secreting
(group A) and 7 nonsecreting (group B) pituitary adenomas, were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent three-step ISG,
and, 2 wk later, scintigraphy with111In-labeled pentetreotide (Octreoscan). Three-step ISG consisted of iv injection of 1 mg of biotinylated MAb A11 (first step),
followed by 10 mg of avidin (second step) and [99mTc]PnAO-biotin (third step). Tomographic imaging were acquired for three-step ISG and Octreoscan at 2 and 4 h after radiotracer
injection, respectively. The results are the following: 2 patients of group A (secreting tumors) had a positive three-step
ISG, whereas all the patients but one of the same group had a positive pentetreotide study; all the patients of group B (nonsecreting
tumors) had a positive three-step ISG and 4 had a positive pentetreotide scintigraphy. These data suggest the utility of the
combined use of these techniques for a better diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. 相似文献
39.
Identification of a nucleo-cytoplasmic ionic pathway by osmotic shock in isolated mouse liver nuclei
Summary The observation that the nuclear envelope outer mem brane contains ion channels raises the question of whether these conductances
communicate between the cytosol and the nuclear envelope cisternae or between the cytosol and the cytoplasm. Failure to detect
large, nonselective holes using the patch-clamp technique has led to the speculation that ion channels and nuclear pores are
in fact the same.
In this paper we present evidence that the ionic channel, recorded in isolated liver nuclei with the patch-clamp configura
tion of “nucleus-attached,” spans the double membrane of the envelope, providing a direct contact between nucleoplasm and
cytoplasm. 相似文献
40.
Davide Barberis Giampiero Lombardi Simone Ravetto Enri Marco Pittarello Davide Viglietti Michele Freppaz Michele Lonati 《Restoration Ecology》2023,31(1):e13777
Machine grading is frequently required to prepare the terrain when building high-altitude ski slopes in the Alps. However, this kind of disturbance alters the natural environment, destroying the vegetation and hampering its reestablishment. Thus, specific restoration plans are necessary to encourage the recovery of vegetation, which is already affected by different natural constraints in this harsh environment. One of the main critical factors affecting plant growth in high-altitude areas is the lack of available nitrogen (N) in the soil. In this context, the addition of a slow-release N fertilizer was carried out in an experimental revegetated ski slope between 2,800 and 2,900 m above sea level in the western Italian Alps. Both vegetation and soil were monitored during a 5-year period in order to test the effectiveness of N addition on the restoration process. Even if effects on soil carbon and N contents were negligible, vegetation was remarkably affected by the fertilization, since the total vegetation cover and the species richness significantly increased. Against the expectations, there was a remarkable increase in spontaneous forbs, rather than in most of the sown graminoids, which slightly varied during the experimental period. Actually, graminoids responded in different ways, mostly increasing (likewise forbs), but the slight decrease of the dominant Festuca nigrescens (Chewing's Fescue) masked their spread. This study confirms the noteworthy role of N in high-altitude alpine soils and consequently its importance to improve the restoration process of degraded ecosystems. 相似文献