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421.
422.
There are two basic categories of pain: physiological pain, which serves an important protective function, and pathological pain, which can have a major negative impact on quality of life in the context of human disease. Major progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive sensory transduction, amplification and conduction in peripheral pain-sensing neurons, communication of sensory inputs to spinal second-order neurons, and the eventual modulation of sensory signals by spinal and descending circuits. This poster article endeavors to provide an overview of how molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying nociception in a physiological context undergo plasticity in pathophysiological states, leading to pain hypersensitivity and chronic pain. 相似文献
423.
Plasma gonadotropin, prolactin levels and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity were evaluated at 0900, 1200 and 1700
h during diestrus, proestrus and estrus, ovariectomized and after systemic administration of reserpine or α-methyl p-tyrosine,
which interfere with catecholamine biosynthesis, in rats. Gonadotropin and prolactin levels showed peak values during the
afternoon of proestrus, while hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity was markedly lowered at 1200 on proestrus. Gonadotropin
levels were slightly lowered whereas prolactin concentrations and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity were significantly
increased by reserpine. Depletion of hypothalamic dopamine by reserpine apparently resulted in significant elevation of prolactin
levels which inturn induce tyrosine hydroxylase. Gonadotropin levels and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity were significantly
suppressed after the administration of α-methyl p-tyrosine. Prolactin levels, however, were elevated significantly. These
results indicate that catecholamines are involved in the control of gonadotropin and prolactin release during estrous cycle
and inhibition of catecholamines biosynthesis by α-methyl p-tyrosine could result in suppression of gonadotropin levels, whereas
removal of tonic inhibition of hypothalamic dopamine by α-methyl-p-tyrosine elevate prolactin levels. 相似文献
424.
V. M. Haseena BeeVI P. Remani R. Ankathil K. K. Vijayan T. Vijayakumar 《Biologia Plantarum》1989,31(1):51-57
Extract of the seeds ofAnona reticulata, Camellia sinensis, Bauhinia acuminata, Cassia tomentosa, Malus sylvestris, Trigonella foenumgraecum, Cephalandra
indica, Lawsonia inermis, Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica, Nephelium litchi, Citrus lemoni, Aegle marmelos, Quassia
amara, Mimusops elengi, Achras sapota, Datura stramonium, Thevetia nerifolia, Persea americana andCycas circinalis, were screened for lectin activity by haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition assays. Lectin-like activity was
detected only in the seeds ofMangifera indica and Perseaamericana. The conventional methods for the isolation of lectins could not separate the haemagglutinins from the extracts. The properties
of these agglutinins suggest that they are not lectins. 相似文献
425.
The glucocorticoid analogue RU486 was administered by intraperitoneal injection to brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) to further explore the role of cortisol on aspects of intermediary and thyroid hormone metabolism of the species. RU486 significantly elevated the hepatosomatic index, hepatic G3PDH activity, and hepatic glycogen content, but was without effect on hepatic protein content, hepatic FPBase activity, or plasma glucose concentration. However, the stressor-related increase in plasma glucose concentration that was evident in brook charr 24 h following handling and injection was suppressed in RU486-treated groups. The distribution volume, turnover rates, and metabolic clearance rates of [3H]cortisol were similar in RU486- and vehicle-treated groups. Plasma T3 and T4 concentrations were similar in RU486- and vehicle-treated groups, but hepatic T3 production and hepatic T3 content were lower in RU486-treated fish; TSH had no effect on hepatic T3 content of vehicle-treated brook charr but significantly increased T3 content in the RU486-treated group. These observations support the concept of a role of cortisol in the control of peripheral monodeiodination of T4 in salmonid fish and suggest that RU486 may be a useful drug for evaluating the role of cortisol in fish in vivo. 相似文献
426.
427.
T. Vijayakumar Ravindran Ankathil P. Remani V. K. Sasidharan K. K. Vijayan D. M. Vasudevan 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1986,22(1):76-79
Summary Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE) were estimated in 196 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, 172 patients with cervical cancer and 166 patients with breast cancer. The values were compared with those of 50 patients with benign lesions of the breast and cervix and 100 healthy adult controls. Only the serum IgE levels were found to be elevated in the benign group. Serum IgA, IgD and IgE levels were found to be elevated in all the three types of cancers and the levels were found to increase with clinical stage. In carcinoma of uterine cervix IgG levels were also found to be elevated. Immunoglobulins A and D returned to normal after clinical cure whereas IgE remained slightly elevated. IgD and IgE remained high in patients who had residual cancer. 相似文献
428.
429.
Previous studies have revealed a stimulatory action of cholecystokinin on growth hormone release in the rat. To evaluate the
physiologic significance of these effects we employed the cholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide and injected it intravenously
and intraventricularly (third cerebral ventricle, 3V) to determine its actions on growth hormone. The experiments were performed
in conscious, freely moving rats with indwelling cannulae in the 3V and/or external jugular vein. Intraventricular injection
of 2 or 10 □g of proglumide significantly elevated plasma growth hormone concentrations in intact and castrated male rats
and in ovariectomized females. Intravenous injections of 10 or 100 □g of proglumide were also effective in elevating growth
hormone in a dose-related manner. Surprisingly, the response to the lower dose given intraventricularly was somewhat greater
than that of the higher dose. We speculate that these stimulatory effects of proglumide given intraventricularly are due to
the agonist action of proglumide at these doses since action of cholecystokinin itself is to increase plasma growth hormone
following its intraventricular injection. The studies therefore do not establish a physiologically significant growth hormone-releasing
action of brain cholecystokinin but provide more evidence that activation of cholecystokinin receptors in the brain can induce
a stimulation of growth hormone release either by activation of the release of growth hormone-releasing hormone or by inhibition
of the release of somatostatin or by a combination of these two actions. 相似文献