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41.
Abstract: Extracellular protein fractions were obtained (1) by mild, isotonic irrigation of freshly perfused brain tissue; (2) by collection of proteins released into super-fusing medium by physiologically viable slices of rat hippocampus; and (3) by sampling the CSF of anesthetized rats. Analysis of the S-100 protein content of these fractions gave values of 2.8, 4.2, and 1.8 μg S-100/mg protein, respectively. These values were three- to sixfold higher than the S-100 content of the soluble cytoplasmic protein fractions from the same tissue. This several-fold higher S-100 content of the extracellular protein fractions relative to the intracellular cytoplasmic protein fractions indicates that S-100 is selectively released into the extracellular spaces of the brain. We suggest that the biological function of this CNS protein may involve intercellular transfer. 相似文献
42.
Paola Strocchi Victor S. Sapirstein † Charles S. Rubin ‡ Jeffrey M. Gilbert 《Journal of neurochemistry》1984,43(2):466-471
Cyclic-AMP-binding proteins in membrane and soluble fractions from rat forebrain were compared; membrane fractions included smooth and rough microsomes and a plasma membrane fraction enriched in synaptic membranes. Protein fractions were treated with 8-azido-[32P]cyclic AMP and ultraviolet irradiation to covalently tag cyclic-AMP-binding proteins. Labeled proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and fluorography. The soluble CNS proteins contained two major cyclic-AMP-binding species at 48K (48K 5.5 and 48K 5.45), differing slightly in their isoelectric points. Another protein was seen at 54K (54K 5.3) adjacent to the beta-tubulin subunits in the 2D electrophoretogram. The analysis of the smooth microsome and plasma membrane fractions differed from the soluble fraction in that there were two cyclic-AMP-binding proteins adjacent to the beta-tubulin region (54K 5.3 and 52K 5.3) differing slightly in apparent molecular weight. The membrane fractions also contained a cyclic-AMP-binding protein at 54K 5.8. The 52K 5.3 and 54K 5.8 species were unique to the membrane fractions. The rough microsomes did not contain detectable amounts of cyclic-AMP-binding proteins. Free polysomes were isolated from brain tissue, and translation products were analyzed by cyclic AMP affinity chromatography and immunopurification with antibodies to the brain specific type II regulatory subunit. The translation products that were found to bind cyclic AMP Sepharose are as follows: 48K 5.5, 48K 5.45, 52K 5.3, and 54K 5.8. These species comigrated with proteins that were photoaffinity-labeled in cytosol and membrane fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
43.
Wim R. Klein Peter A. Steerenberg Fred Poelma Elly v. d. Wiel Victor P. M. G. Rutten Wim Misdorp Wim H. de Jong E. Joost Ruitenberg 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1986,22(2):87-94
Summary Lymphocyte stimulation with Con A and specific immune reactivity to BCG (antibody formation to BCG and DTH reaction to PPD) were determined in BCG-treated, surgically treated and untreated cows with ocular squamous cell carcinoma. In tumor-bearing cows the Con A-induced proliferation of lymphocytes was reduced when compared to healthy controls. This suppression consisted of a reduced blastogenic response to Con A of lymphocytes from tumor-bearing cows, and the presence of a factor in the sera of these animals, as these sera suppressed the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from healthy cows. BCG had only a minor influence on the suppressive activity. Antibodies to BCG were demonstrated in 50% of the BCG-treated animals. The formation of antibodies was not influenced by intradermal injection of PPD of Mycobacterium bovis. Absorption of a BCG antibody containing serum with BOSCC tumor extracts did not reveal the existence of cross reacting antigens between BCG and BOSCC. Pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic Con A reactivity could not be correlated with clinical response. Of the 30 BCG treated cows 29 developed a positive DTH reaction to PPD. Correlation between clinical response and immune reactivity was seen only with regard to the DTH reaction to PPD: this reaction remained positive for a longer period after treatment in animals with a favorable clinical outcome than in nonresponding animals.Animals were maintained under the guidelines laid down by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University, Utrecht, The NetherlandsGrant recipient of the Koningin Wilhelmina Fonds (Netherlands Cancer Foundation)
Abbreviations used: BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; BOSCC, bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma PBL peripheral blood leukocytes; PPD, purified protein derivative of Mycobacteria; DTH, delayed type hypersensitivity Con A, concanavalin A; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; PWM, pokeweed mitogen 相似文献
44.
Although acute alterations in Ca2+ fluxes may mediate the skeletal responses to certain humoral agents, the processes subserving those fluxes are not well understood. We have sought evidence for Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity in isolated osteoblast-like cells maintained in primary culture. Two Ca2+-dependent ATPase components were found in a plasma membrane fraction: a high affinity component (half-saturation constant for Ca2+ of 280 nM, of 13.5 nmol/mg per min) and a low affinity component, which was in reality a divalent cation ATPase, since Mg2+ could replace Ca2+ without loss of activity. The high affinity component exhibited a pH optimum of 7.2 and required Mg2+ for full activity. It was unaffected by potassium or sodium chloride, ouabain or sodium azide, but was inhibited by lanthanum and by the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine. This component was prevalent in a subcellular fraction which was also enriched in 5′-nucleotidase and adenylate cyclase activities, suggesting the plasma membrane as its principal location. Osteosarcoma cells, known to resemble osteoblasts in their biological characteristics and responses to bone-seeking hormones, contained similar ATPase activities. Inclusion of purified calmodulin in the assay system caused small non-reproducible increases in the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity of EGTA-washed membranes. Marked, consistent calmodulin stimulation was demonstrated in membranes exposed previously to trifluoperazine and then washed in trifluoperazine-free buffer. These results indicate the presence of a high affinity, calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent ATPase in osteoblast-like bone cells. As one determinant of Ca2+ fluxes in bone cells, this enzyme may participate in the hormonal regulation of bone cell function. 相似文献
45.
Abstract: Dopamine (DA) uptake into synaptosomes from rat corpus striatum was studied in the presence of a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor and dithiothreitol, by means of a filtration technique. Under these conditions a steady state develops rapidly in which the synaptosomal DA content remains constant while the continuing DA uptake is counterbalanced by DA efflux from the synaptosome. Exchange of synaptosomal [3H]DA and [14C]DA was measured under these conditions. In timecourse experiments it was found that exchange could be described significantly better by a three-compartment model than by a two-compartment model. However, if synaptosomes from reserpine-pretreated animals were used, analysis according to a three-compartment model did not result in a significantly better fit compared with a two-compartment model. Subsequently, kinetic transfer parameters describing DA fluxes between compartments at different DA concentrations were calculated from the fitted exchange curves. A Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis indicated that only the in-series three-compartment configuration, in which DA is taken up from the medium into one synaptosomal compartment, from which it can subsequently be transferred to a second compartment without direct access to the medium, gave kinetically acceptable results. Transfer parameters in synaptosomes from reserpine-treated rats were comparable to those parameters describing DA transport between the medium and the first intrasynaptosomal compartment as measured under control conditions. Morover, it was found that potassium depolarization of synaptosomes resulted in a release of DA in a quantity similar to that found in the second intrasynaptosomal compartment. It is suggested that the two intrasynaptosomal compartments found correspond to a cytoplasmatic and vesicular DA pool, respectively. The functional significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the regulation of DA levels within the nerve terminal. 相似文献
46.
Tn7, a transposon of 14 kb, encodes resistance to trimethoprim (Tp) and streptomycin (Sm). A cleavage site map of this transposon for twenty-two different restriction enzymes as determined by comparison of restriction enzyme cleavage patterns of the plasmids ColE1 and ColE1::Tn7 is presented. The precise localization of these sites was facilitated by the use of two deletion derivatives of ColE1::Tn7: pGB2 and ColE1::Tn7Δ6, and by the use of pOB14 and pOB15 which contain a part of Tn7 cloned into the plasmid pBR322. This map should aid in the study of the structural and genetic organization of this transposon. 相似文献
47.
Victor G. Bruce 《Genetics》1974,77(2):221-229
Mutants affecting the period length of the biological clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardi have been isolated and a start has been made on analyzing the genetics of this system. In four mutants, the long period characteristic seems to be controlled by single genes at separate loci. Crosses between single mutants, as well as crosses involving three or four mutant genes, yielded progeny with periods characteristic of the parents as well as recombinant types, including normal period (wild type) and extra-long periods (double, triple and quadruple mutants). It was found that the period lengthening effect is additive; that is, the period of double mutants is lengthened by the sum of the period lengthening of the single mutants. 相似文献
48.
49.
Rifampin inhibited 20 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in concentrations of 0.005 to 0.02 mug/ml in 7H-9 broth with Tween 80 and killed all or nearly all of the inoculum in four to eight times greater concentrations. In the same medium without Tween 80, as well as on 7H-10 agar, about 16 to 64 times these amounts were required to produce the same effect. Rifampin was also active against M. kansasii and some of the nonchromogenic mycobacteria. The incidence of mycobacterial cells resistant to rifampin within the cultures studied was in the range of one to four per 10(8) to 10(9) colony-forming units with concentrations of 4 to 125 mug of rifampin per ml. Only one of the Battey cultures and that of M. fortuitum yielded cells resistant to rifampin at 125 mug/ml but not at 500 mug/ml. The same strains yielded more than double that number of organisms resistant to streptomycin and up to 100 times more organisms resistant to isoniazid. All three drugs stopped the growth or reduced the mycobacterial population in growing cultures after contact for 24 to 48 hr. Complete inhibition of growth was produced by rifampin at 1.0 mug/ml in an average of 6 days and by streptomycin at 5.0 mug/ml in 3 days. After an average contact of 10.7 days with rifampin, five of seven strains resumed growth and all strains began regrowth after exposure to streptomycin for 9.4 days. The marked susceptibility of M. tuberculosis and of atypical mycobacteria to rifampin in vitro and the relatively low incidence of resistant mutants suggests that this agent may have clinical usefulness in the treatment of tuberculosis and some other mycobacterioses. 相似文献
50.
Soluble cell-free extracts of actinomycete S4 grown on media containing mevalonate catalyze acetoacetate formation from mevalonate, mevaldate, and β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA). Conversion of mevalonate to acetoacetate involves formation of free β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA, but not free mevaldate. The reaction favors mevalonate oxidation, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, rather than nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, acts as oxidant. 相似文献