Serum haptoglobins in experimental coccidioidomycosis — A preliminary report

Summary The level of haptoglobin was determined in control rats and in rats infected withC. immitis. The haptoglobin levels in the infected group were significantly higher than in those in the control group. The possibility that serial determinations may be of value in following the course of this disease is currently being investigated.This study was supported in part by USPHS Grants A1-06048-01, 5 T1 A1 52–06 and the Dermatologic Research Foundation of California, Inc.     

Physical properties of arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate diacylglycerol,an antitumor liponucleotide

Dispersed from a dry film into buffer (5 mM phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4), the liponucleotide 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5′-diphosphate l-1,2-diacylglycerol (ara-CDPdiacylglycerol) spontaneously forms vesicles which are several microns in diameter and probably unilamellar. Their average size immediately begins to decrease, and after 2 h none can be seen in the light microscope. During 1–2 days in unstirred solutions at 25°C, the vesicles are transformed to spherical or nearly spherical micelles having an apparent partial specific volume of 0.835 ml·g^?1, a maximum possible aggregation number of about 150, and an anhydrous radius of about 37 Å. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is about 10 μM in buffer and 20 μM in distilled water, but micelle-monomer equilibration requires at least 1 week at a total concentration of 66 μM. This exceedingly slow equilibration is unique among reported detergents. The standard enthalpy and entropy of micellization are ?13 kJ·mol^?1 and 87 J·mol^?1·K^?1, respectively. These values are within the range reported for other detergents. Sonication accelerates the vesicle-micelle transformation to 30 min.     

A STUDY ON INEFFECTIVE ERYTHROPOIESIS IN THE DOG

Erythrocytic cell kinetics were studied in normal dog bone marrow, at the transition between younger cells that are able to synthesize DNA, and more mature nucleated normoblasts which have lost this ability. the rate of progression out of the first group was compared to that into the second, after necessary adjustments of group sizes. No significant discrepancy was detected within the limits of resolution of autoradiographic cytokinetic analysis.
It is concluded that 'ineffective' red cell production in the normal dog, if it occurs at all, can only be very small in quantity.     

Mangrove blue carbon stocks and dynamics are controlled by hydrogeomorphic settings and land‐use change

Globally, carbon‐rich mangrove forests are deforested and degraded due to land‐use and land‐cover change (LULCC). The impact of mangrove deforestation on carbon emissions has been reported on a global scale; however, uncertainty remains at subnational scales due to geographical variability and field data limitations. We present an assessment of blue carbon storage at five mangrove sites across West Papua Province, Indonesia, a region that supports 10% of the world's mangrove area. The sites are representative of contrasting hydrogeomorphic settings and also capture change over a 25‐years LULCC chronosequence. Field‐based assessments were conducted across 255 plots covering undisturbed and LULCC‐affected mangroves (0‐, 5‐, 10‐, 15‐ and 25‐year‐old post‐harvest or regenerating forests as well as 15‐year‐old aquaculture ponds). Undisturbed mangroves stored total ecosystem carbon stocks of 182–2,730 (mean ± SD: 1,087 ± 584) Mg C/ha, with the large variation driven by hydrogeomorphic settings. The highest carbon stocks were found in estuarine interior (EI) mangroves, followed by open coast interior, open coast fringe and EI forests. Forest harvesting did not significantly affect soil carbon stocks, despite an elevated dead wood density relative to undisturbed forests, but it did remove nearly all live biomass. Aquaculture conversion removed 60% of soil carbon stock and 85% of live biomass carbon stock, relative to reference sites. By contrast, mangroves left to regenerate for more than 25 years reached the same level of biomass carbon compared to undisturbed forests, with annual biomass accumulation rates of 3.6 ± 1.1 Mg C ha^?1 year^?1. This study shows that hydrogeomorphic setting controls natural dynamics of mangrove blue carbon stocks, while long‐term land‐use changes affect carbon loss and gain to a substantial degree. Therefore, current land‐based climate policies must incorporate landscape and land‐use characteristics, and their related carbon management consequences, for more effective emissions reduction targets and restoration outcomes.