Distribution of Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso, 1827) and zooplankton near the Black Sea redoxcline

Understanding what environmental drivers influence marine predator–prey relationships can be key to managing and protecting ecosystems, especially in the face of future climate change risks. This is especially important in environments such as the Black Sea, where strong biogeochemical gradients can drive marine habitat partitioning and ecological interactions. We used underwater video recordings in the north-eastern Black Sea in November 2013 to observe the distribution and behaviour of the Black Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus, Risso 1827) and its zooplankton prey. Video recordings have shown that the Black Sea sprat S. sprattus phalericus tolerates severely hypoxic waters near the redoxcline. The school was distributed in the 33–96 m layer [oxygen concentration (O₂) 277–84 μmol L⁻¹]. Some individuals were observed to leave the school and descended 20 m deeper for foraging on copepods in the 119–123 m layer (O₂ 12–10 μmol L⁻¹). Zooplankton appeared concentrated on the upper boundary of the suboxic zone (O₂ < 10 μmol L⁻¹). No zooplankton were observed below O₂ 6–7 μmol L⁻¹ (128 m). Understanding the ability of this species to tolerate low oxygen waters is crucial to predicting future responses to natural and anthropogenic changes in hypoxia.     

丽江乌头根中的二萜生物碱成分研究

为了寻找丽江乌头中结构新颖的化合物,丰富丽江乌头的化学成分多样性,本文对丽江乌头(Aconitum forrestii Stapf)根部的化学成分进行研究,采用硅胶柱层析从其乙醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物。通过HR-ESI-MS、1D和2D NMR等波谱技术鉴定了它们的结构,其中化合物1是一个新的乌头碱型二萜生物碱,命名为8-O-methyl-14-O-anisoylchasmanine(1)。其余13个化合物均为已知化合物:14-acetoxy-8-O-methylsachaconitine(2)、14-acetyltalatizamine(3)、talatisamine(4)、chasmanine(5)、ezochasmanine(6)、crassicautine(7)、geniculatine C(8)、cammaconine(9)、vilmoraconitine(10)、aconitramine A(11)、vilmorrianine G(12)、hemsleyaconitine G(13)和heterophylloidine(14)。测试了所有化合物对阿霉素诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤的保护活性,结果显示化合物3、10、11和12表现出一定的保护作用。     

西南地区壳斗科物种丰富度和特有性分布格局模拟及其环境解释

如何准确地模拟物种宏观丰富度格局和特有性中心是生物多样性保护工作的重点,也是生物地理学的热点话题。西南地区是我国壳斗科植物最丰富的地区之一,但物种多样性格局及环境驱动机制尚不清楚。本研究基于西南地区161种壳斗科植物7258个分布点位数据,利用点格局法和物种分布模型两种方式构建了物种丰富度、加权特有性指数和校正加权特有性指数的分布格局,并采用空间自回归模型(SAR)分析上述3个多样性指数与环境因子间的关系。总体上看,物种分布模型模拟的3个指数在空间上比点格局法更为连续,但数值高低分布情况具有相似性: 两种方式模拟的物种丰富度高值区主要分布在滇南边缘、桂北部和桂西南部地区(62～89种);加权特有性指数最大值集中在滇南和桂西地区(1.77～5.02);藏东南、秦岭-大巴山、桂西南部和滇东南地区具有最高的校正加权特有性指数(0.07～0.17)。SAR模型结果显示:最干月降雨量、温度季节性变化标准差、海拔变幅和土壤有机碳含量对物种丰富度的影响均显著,最干月降雨量、温度季节性变化标准差、潜在蒸散量和海拔变幅对加权特有性有着显著影响,温度季节性变化标准差、最干月降雨量、历史温度变化、增强型植被指数变异系数和海拔变幅对校正加权特有性的影响显著;SAR模型对物种丰富度、特有性指数和加权特有性指数的拟合效果(R²=0.857、0.733、0.593)分别优于普通线性模型(R²=0.689、0.425、0.422)。综上,水分可获得性、气候季节性、生境异质性、历史气候变化和土壤状况是制约西南地区壳斗科丰富度和特有性分布的最重要因素。滇南、滇东南、桂西南、桂西、秦岭-大巴山以及藏东南地区是壳斗科物种丰富度中心或特有性中心,应受到重点关注和保护。     

福州市生态系统生产总值核算

开展生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算是推进生态文明制度建设的必要措施,也是将生态效益纳入经济社会发展评价体系的重要举措。本研究以福州市为研究对象,通过构建具有“山、海、城”特色的生态系统价值核算体系,对2015和2018年福州市GEP进行核算,从时空变化角度对福州市GEP进行对比。结果表明: 2015、2018年福州市GEP分别为9205.92、10472.42亿元,人均GEP分别为13.02、14.39万元,生态产品供给服务价值分别为941.81、1102.61亿元,生态调节服务价值分别为6364.20、5988.51亿元,生态文化服务价值分别为1899.91、3381.3亿元。与2015年相比,2018年福州市GEP增加1266.50亿元,增幅为13.8%,主要得益于生态产品供给服务价值和生态文化服务价值的增加。然而,生态调节服务价值减少375.69亿元,降幅为5.9%,主要源于气候调节、水流动调节和水质净化服务价值的减少。福州率先探索建立一套具有山、海、城特色的核算体系,可以为福建省其他城市及我国其他地区的核算工作提供“福州样板”,同时助推建立生态价值实现的长效机制。     

黄病毒基因组非编码区的结构与功能研究进展

黄病毒科黄病毒属是由一组含单股正链RNA基因组的囊膜病毒组成,包括登革病毒、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、寨卡病毒、西尼罗病毒、黄热病病毒等,经由虫媒传播,可引起人类和动物的严重虫媒病毒病。黄病毒基因组由1个开放阅读框、5′非编码区和3′非编码区三部分组成。5′和3′非编码区含有病毒基因组复制所必需的启动元件;高度结构化的3′非编码区负责黄病毒亚基因组RNA的产生,从而有助于病毒逃避宿主免疫反应;此外3′非编码区还可作为疫苗研究的靶标。鉴于非编码区在黄病毒的蛋白翻译、基因组复制和免疫调节中发挥的重要作用,本文就黄病毒基因组非编码区的结构与功能最新研究进展作一简要综述。     

一株牛源阿卡斑病毒的分离鉴定

阿卡斑病毒(Akabane virus,AKV)是能引起牛、绵羊、山羊流产、早产、新生胎儿畸形的虫媒性RNA病毒。为了解家畜虫媒病毒在我国西南边境地区的分布和流行情况,本研究对中缅边境西盟县的52份牛抗凝血和140份血清(牛70份、羊70份)中的蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV)、鹿流行性出血热病毒(Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV)、AKV等虫媒病毒进行检测与分离,通过ELISA及qRT-PCR方法检测病毒,通过核酸阳性抗凝血接种BHK细胞传代以分离病毒,通过设计特异性引物,扩增分离毒株S基因721bp片段及M基因816bp片段,通过克隆测序及中和试验以鉴定病毒,最终从38号牛的抗凝血中分离到一株AKV,TCID50为10-3.5/0.1mL,经比对,分离株S片段与日本KS-2/Mo/06毒株亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为97.66%,M片段与中国DHL10M110毒株亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为96.56%。本研究首次报告了从云南边境地区牛群中分离到AKV,证实了西南边境存在AKV的流行,为AKV在我国的流行病学和边境地区疫病风险防控提供了重要参考及有力依据。     

Crumbs proteins stabilize the cone mosaics of photoreceptors and improve vision in zebrafish

Although the unique organization of vertebrate cone mosaics was first described long ago,both their underlying molecular basis and physiological significance are largely unknown.Here,we demonstrate that Crumbs proteins,the key regulators of epithelial apical polarity,establish the planar cellular polarity of photoreceptors in zebrafish.Via heterophilic Crb2a-Crb2b interactions,the apicobasal polarity protein Crb2b restricts the asymmetric planar distribution of Crb2a in photoreceptors.The planar polarized Crumbs proteins thus balance intercellular adhesions and tension between photoreceptors,thereby stabilizing the geometric organization of cone mosaics.Notably,loss of Crb2b in zebrafish induces a nearsightedness-like phenotype in zebrafish accompanied by an elongated eye axis and impairs zebrafish visual perception for predation.These data reveal a detailed mechanism for cone mosaic homeostasis via previously undiscovered apical-planar polarity coordination and propose a pathogenic mechanism for nearsightedness.     

African Swine Fever Virus Protein E199L Promotes Cell Autophagy through the Interaction of PYCR2

African swine fever virus(ASFV), as a member of the large DNA viruses, may regulate autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting programmed cell death. However, the function of ASFV proteins has not been fully elucidated, especially the role of autophagy in ASFV infection. One of three Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases(PYCR), is primarily involved in conversion of glutamate to proline. Previous studies have shown that depletion of PYCR2 was related to the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we found for the first time that ASFV E199 L protein induced a complete autophagy process in Vero and HEK-293 T cells. Through co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry(CoIP-MS)analysis, we firstly identified that E199 L interact with PYCR2 in vitro. Importantly, our work provides evidence that E199 L down-regulated the expression of PYCR2, resulting in autophagy activation. Overall, our results demonstrate that ASFV E199 L protein induces complete autophagy through interaction with PYCR2 and down-regulate the expression level of PYCR2, which provide a valuable reference for the role of autophagy during ASFV infection and contribute to the functional clues of PYCR2.