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101.
102.
Vanessa G. Batista Marcos S. Toledo Anita H. Straus Maria J. S. Mendes-Giannini Alberto J. S. Duarte Helio K. Takahashi Gil Benard 《Mycopathologia》2014,178(3-4):153-162
Distinct glycolipid profiles are described in microorganisms, which have been shown to modulate the innate immune system. We tested the hypothesis that glycosphingolipids from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis have immunomodulatory properties on monocytes and dendritic cells of two groups of healthy individuals, one cured of paracoccidioidomycosis in the past (CUR-I) and the other nonexposed to P. brasiliensis (HNE-I). Two classes of glycosphingolipids purified from yeast cells were evaluated: a neutral glycosphingolipid, monohexosylceramide (CMH), and acidic glycosylinositolphosphorylceramides (GIPCs). Both glycosphingolipids affected the functioning of innate immunity cells, interfering with the antigen presenting process: P. brasiliensis yeast cells phagocytosis, IL-10 secretion, and costimulatory molecules and recognition receptors expression by monocytes were altered, while dendritic cell antigen presentation to autologous T cells was markedly down-modulated as shown by reduced T-cell proliferative responses. The mechanisms by which CMH and GIPCs exert their effects differ since the target cells did not always respond similarly to the challenge with the glycosphingolipids. Moreover, CUR-I and HNE-I presented different responses to the glycosphingolipids. Differences not only in the glycosphingolipid structure (such as the polar head group or the ceramide moiety), but also in the innate immunity properties of CUR-I and HNE-I, may underlie these differences and contribute to individual’s susceptibility or resistance to develop paracoccidioidomycosis. 相似文献
103.
Replication timing of 10 developmentally regulated genes in Physarum polycephalum. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
G Pierron M Benard E Puvion R Flanagan H W Sauer D Pallotta 《Nucleic acids research》1989,17(2):553-566
We have tested the hypothesis which stipulates that only early-replicating genes are capable of expression. Within one cell type of Physarum - the plasmodium - we defined the temporal order of replication of 10 genes which were known to be variably expressed in 4 different developmental stages of the Physarum life cycle. Southern analysis of density-labeled, bromodesoxyuridine-substituted DNA reveals that 4 genes presumably inactive within the plasmodium, were not restricted to any temporal compartment of S-phase: 1 is replicated in early S-phase, 2 in mid S-phase and 1 in late S-phase. On the other hand, 4 out of 6 active genes analysed are duplicated early, with the first 30% of the genome. Surprisingly, the two others active genes are replicated late in S-phase. By gene-dosage analysis, based on quantitation of hybridization signals from early and late replicating genes throughout S-phase, we could pinpoint the replication of one of these two genes at a stage where 80-85% of the genome has duplicated. Our results demonstrate that late replication during S-phase does not preclude gene activity. 相似文献
104.
Francis Benard 《Helgoland Marine Research》1967,15(1-4):353-360
Résumé 1. Notre objectif a été de réaliser une station relativement simple et peu onéreuse à l'usage des biologistes marins.2. Cette unité de mesure destinée à travailler à des profondeurs de 0 à 10 m s'avère susceptible de réaliser des relevés systématiques tout en pouvant recevoir un programme de mesures de paramètres adaptable à chaque problème et à chaque chercheur.
Realization of a station for automatical registration of physico-chemical factors in the intertidal zone
The automatic station is a device for the investigation of ecological parameters in the intertidal zone (10 m). The paper describes the electronic system design and the techniques used to protect the components from the ambient stresses. Parameters studied are: temperature, pressure, velocity and direction of currents, energy of light, chlorinity, pH, redox-potential, oxygen content and turbidity. The installation technique and problems encountered are discussed.相似文献
105.
Johanna Brodin Charlotte Hedskog Alexander Heddini Emmanuel Benard Richard A. Neher Mattias Mild Jan Albert 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Next generation sequencing technologies, like ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS), allows detailed investigation of complex populations, like RNA viruses, but its utility is limited by errors introduced during sample preparation and sequencing. By tagging each individual cDNA molecule with barcodes, referred to as Primer IDs, before PCR and sequencing these errors could theoretically be removed. Here we evaluated the Primer ID methodology on 257,846 UDPS reads generated from a HIV-1 SG3Δenv plasmid clone and plasma samples from three HIV-infected patients. The Primer ID consisted of 11 randomized nucleotides, 4,194,304 combinations, in the primer for cDNA synthesis that introduced a unique sequence tag into each cDNA molecule. Consensus template sequences were constructed for reads with Primer IDs that were observed three or more times. Despite high numbers of input template molecules, the number of consensus template sequences was low. With 10,000 input molecules for the clone as few as 97 consensus template sequences were obtained due to highly skewed frequency of resampling. Furthermore, the number of sequenced templates was overestimated due to PCR errors in the Primer IDs. Finally, some consensus template sequences were erroneous due to hotspots for UDPS errors. The Primer ID methodology has the potential to provide highly accurate deep sequencing. However, it is important to be aware that there are remaining challenges with the methodology. In particular it is important to find ways to obtain a more even frequency of resampling of template molecules as well as to identify and remove artefactual consensus template sequences that have been generated by PCR errors in the Primer IDs. 相似文献
106.
James R. Apgar Michelle Mader Rita Agostinelli Susan Benard Peter Bialek Mark Johnson 《MABS-AUSTIN》2016,8(7):1302-1318
Antibodies are an important class of biotherapeutics that offer specificity to their antigen, long half-life, effector function interaction and good manufacturability. The immunogenicity of non-human-derived antibodies, which can be a major limitation to development, has been partially overcome by humanization through complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting onto human acceptor frameworks. The retention of foreign content in the CDR regions, however, is still a potential immunogenic liability. Here, we describe the humanization of an anti-myostatin antibody utilizing a 2-step process of traditional CDR-grafting onto a human acceptor framework, followed by a structure-guided approach to further reduce the murine content of CDR-grafted antibodies. To accomplish this, we solved the co-crystal structures of myostatin with the chimeric (Protein Databank (PDB) id 5F3B) and CDR-grafted anti-myostatin antibody (PDB id 5F3H), allowing us to computationally predict the structurally important CDR residues as well as those making significant contacts with the antigen. Structure-based rational design enabled further germlining of the CDR-grafted antibody, reducing the murine content of the antibody without affecting antigen binding. The overall “humanness” was increased for both the light and heavy chain variable regions. 相似文献
107.
S. Benard J. Arnhold M. Lehnert J. Schiller K. Arnold 《Chemistry and physics of lipids》1999,100(1-2):115-125
As recently shown, different physiologically relevant lipid classes can easily be analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS). In the present study the first application of MALDI–TOF for the quantitative analysis of diacylglycerols is described. It is shown that the use of a suitable reference sample enables the quantification of diacylglycerols up to the picomolar range. The best reproducibility of quantitative results for diacylglycerols was obtained using a matrix of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in ethylacetate and incorporation of an internal standard of the same lipid class. A moderate laser power was used, resulting in a very low extent of fragmentation, allowing a quantification by using solely the highest signal arising from sodium adduct formation of diacylglycerols. A linear correlation between peak intensity and lipid concentration over one order of magnitude was found. The applicability of this new technique for the analysis of other lipids like phosphatidylcholines is also discussed. 相似文献
108.
109.
Julhiany de Fátima da Silva Juliana Vicentim Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira Caroline Maria Marcos Patricia Akemi Assato Patrícia Ferrari Andreotti Juliana Leal Monteiro da Silva Christiane Pienna Soares Gil Benard Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(4):476-484
The fungal strain Paracoccidioides brasiliensis remains viable
inside of epithelial cells and can induce apoptosis in this population. However,
until now, the molecules that participate in this process remained unknown. Thus,
this study evaluated the contribution of two P. brasiliensis
molecules, the 14-3-3 and glycoprotein of 43 kDa proteins, which had been previously
described as extracellular matrix adhesins and apoptosis inductors in human
pneumocytes. Accordingly, epithelial cells were treated with these molecules for
different periods of time and the expression of the apoptosis regulating-proteins
Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and caspases were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase dUTP nick end labelling, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain
reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that treatment with these molecules
induces apoptosis signalling in pulmonary epithelial cells, showing the same pattern
of programmed cell-death as that observed during infection with P.
brasiliensis. Thus, we could conclude that P.
brasiliensis uses these molecules as virulence factors that participate
not only in the fungal adhesion process to host cells, but also in other important
cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis. 相似文献
110.