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Andrew P. Costa Derek R. Manis Aaron Jones Nathan M. Stall Kevin A. Brown Veronique Boscart Adriane Castellino George A. Heckman Michael P. Hillmer Chloe Ma Paul Pham Saad Rais Samir K. Sinha Jeffrey W. Poss 《CMAJ》2021,193(19):E672
BACKGROUND:The epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in retirement homes (also known as assisted living facilities) is largely unknown. We examined the association between home-and community-level characteristics and the risk of outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in retirement homes since the beginning of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS:We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of licensed retirement homes in Ontario, Canada, from Mar. 1 to Dec. 18, 2020. Our primary outcome was an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection (≥ 1 resident or staff case confirmed by validated nucleic acid amplification assay). We used time-dependent proportional hazards methods to model the associations between retirement home– and community-level characteristics and outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTS:Our cohort included all 770 licensed retirement homes in Ontario, which housed 56 491 residents. There were 273 (35.5%) retirement homes with 1 or more outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection, involving 1944 (3.5%) residents and 1101 staff (3.0%). Cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were distributed unevenly across retirement homes, with 2487 (81.7%) resident and staff cases occurring in 77 (10%) homes. The adjusted hazard of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a retirement home was positively associated with homes that had a large resident capacity, were co-located with a long-term care facility, were part of larger chains, offered many services onsite, saw increases in regional incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and were located in a region with a higher community-level ethnic concentration.INTERPRETATION:Readily identifiable characteristics of retirement homes are independently associated with outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and can support risk identification and priority for vaccination.Frail older adults living in congregate care settings have been at the centre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and internationally.1,2 Long-term care facilities — whose residents are the congregate living population most affected by COVID-19 — have been the subject of immense scientific and public interest during the pandemic.3 Retirement homes (often known as assisted living facilities) have received far less examination despite also housing many vulnerable older adults.4–7 In contrast to long-term care facilities, retirement homes are private residential complexes that provide a range of supportive care and lifestyle services that are purchased out of pocket by residents or their families.8 Although residents of retirement homes access supportive care services, they are substantially less frail and dependent than residents of long-term care homes.5 Inconsistent regulation of these facilities throughout Canada and the United States has limited research into the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in retirement homes.9There are 770 licensed retirement homes in Ontario, Canada’s most populous province, that house more than 50 000 older adults, a population size that approaches the number of Ontario residents of long-term care homes.10 Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, the number of positive cases and deaths in retirement homes has continued to grow. As of Apr. 11, 2021, retirement home residents accounted for about 8% of deaths from COVID-19 in Ontario (596/7552).11 Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection surged in retirement homes during the first and second waves in Canada and the US,11,12 and there has been limited examination in the literature beyond early reports of case surveillance.13We examined the association between home- and community-level characteristics and the risk of outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ontario’s retirement homes. Consistent with our previous population-level work in Ontario long-term care homes,2,14 we hypothesized that home size and regional incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection would be associated with the risk of an outbreak. 相似文献
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Veronique van den Berghe Elke Stappers Bram Vandesande Jordane Dimidschstein Roel Kroes Annick Francis Andrea Conidi Flore Lesage Ruben Dries Silvia Cazzola Geert Berx Nicoletta Kessaris Pierre Vanderhaeghen Wilfred van IJcken Frank G. Grosveld Steven Goossens Jody J. Haigh Gord Fishell Eve Seuntjens 《Neuron》2013,77(1):70-82