MOUTHSPOTS OF PASSERINE NESTLINGS

Maclean, G. L. & Vernon, C. J. 1977. Mouthspots of passerine nestlings. Ostrich 48:95-98. Among passerine families a pattern of black spots in a yellow mouth occurs universally only in the Sylviidae and the Alaudidae. The conservative configuration of these spots seems to indicate a true relationship between the warblers and the larks, and the possession of these mouthspots therefore usually indicates that a species belongs to one of these two families. Similar but less well defined mouthspots occur in only some species of Malaconotidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Timaliidae and Promeropidae. suggesting a possible sylviid ancestry for at least some of these families.     

Enantio-eudesmane sesquiterpenes from it Verbesina rupestris

The leaves and stems of Verbesina rupestris contain enantio-eudesmane sesquiterpenes, isolated as esters of cinnamic acid. This finding supports th     

A microbial metabolite remodels the gut-liver axis following bariatric surgery

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A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS CHARA,SERIES GYMNOBASALIA (SUBSECTION WILLDENOWIA RDW)

The series Gymnobasalia, a sharply differentiated subgeneric complex within the genus Chara, consists of at least seven morphologically distinct species. All seven species are reproductively isolated from one another. No evidence of even limited hybridization between the seven was encountered. The two dioecious members of the complex occupy restricted and, possibly partially overlapping ranges in South America. Monoecious members are in general more widely distributed but still appear to have originated in Central or South America. The holotype of C. zeylanica Klein ex Willdenow was examined and found to be tetrascutate. For the abundant and widely distributed monoecious-conjoined, octoscutate member of the complex, previously shown to be distinct from C. zeylanica, the earlier name C. haitensis Turpin is here validated. Chara foliolosa Muhl. ex Willdenow is considered conspecific with, but to hold priority over, C. sejuncta Braun.