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31.
Y. Venkata Nancharaiah G. Kiran Kumar Reddy P. Lalithamanasa V.P. Venugopalan 《Biofouling》2013,29(10):1141-1149
Biofilms are problematic in health and industry because they are resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Ionic liquids are a novel class of low temperature liquid salts consisting of discrete anions and cations, and have attracted considerable interest as safer alternatives to organic solvents. Ionic liquids have interesting antimicrobial properties and some could find use in the development of novel antiseptics, biocides and antifouling agents. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimiazolium iodide ([C12MIM]I) was studied using the clinically important bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus SAV329 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The ionic liquid increased cell membrane permeability in both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells and impaired their growth, attachment and biofilm development. The ionic liquid exhibited superior antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the Gram-positive S. aureus compared to the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa cells. BacLight? staining and confocal microscope imaging confirmed that the ionic liquid treatment increased the cell membrane permeability of both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of [C12MIM]I were similar or superior to those of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a well-known cationic surfactant. It is concluded that the ionic liquid induced damage to bacterial cells by disrupting cell membrane, leading to inhibition of growth and biofilm formation. Overall, the results indicate that the ionic liquid 1-dodecyl-3-methylimiazolium iodide was effective in preventing S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms and could have applications in the control of bacterial biofilms. 相似文献
32.
An unique case of dense fouling by an acidophilic, hard rubber (polymerized rubber) degrading fungus in the acid transfer pipelines of a boron enrichment plant located at Kalpakkam, India is reported. In spite of a highly adverse environment for survival (pH 1.5, no dissolved nutrients), the fungus thrived and clogged the pipeline used for transferring 0.1N hydrochloric acid (HCl). Detailed investigations were carried out to isolate and identify the fungus and examine the nutrient source for such profuse growth inside the system. Microscopic observation showed the presence of a thick filamentous fungal biomass. Molecular characterization by 18S rRNA gene sequencing showed 98% similarity of the isolate with the acidophilic fungus Bispora sp. In laboratory studies the fungus showed luxuriant growth (specific growth rate of 13 mg day?1) when scrapings of the hard rubber were used as the sole source of carbon. Scanning electron microscopy revealed extensive incursion of the fungus into the hard rubber matrix. In the laboratory, fungal growth was completely inhibited by the antifungal agent sodium omadine. The study illustrates an interesting example of biofouling under extreme conditions and demonstrates that organisms can physiologically adapt to grow under unfavourable conditions, provided that a nutrient source is available and competition is low. The use of this fungal strain in biodegradation and in development of environmentally compatible processes for disposal of rubber wastes is envisaged. 相似文献
33.
Tanaka H Senda M Venugopalan N Yamamoto A Senda T Ishida T Horiike K 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(31):27548-27558
d-Serine is a physiological co-agonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. It regulates excitatory neurotransmission, which is important for higher brain functions in vertebrates. In mammalian brains, d-amino acid oxidase degrades d-serine. However, we have found recently that in chicken brains the oxidase is not expressed and instead a d-serine dehydratase degrades d-serine. The primary structure of the enzyme shows significant similarities to those of metal-activated d-threonine aldolases, which are fold-type III pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, suggesting that it is a novel class of d-serine dehydratase. In the present study, we characterized the chicken enzyme biochemically and also by x-ray crystallography. The enzyme activity on d-serine decreased 20-fold by EDTA treatment and recovered nearly completely by the addition of Zn2+. None of the reaction products that would be expected from side reactions of the PLP-d-serine Schiff base were detected during the >6000 catalytic cycles of dehydration, indicating high reaction specificity. We have determined the first crystal structure of the d-serine dehydratase at 1.9 Å resolution. In the active site pocket, a zinc ion that coordinates His347 and Cys349 is located near the PLP-Lys45 Schiff base. A theoretical model of the enzyme-d-serine complex suggested that the hydroxyl group of d-serine directly coordinates the zinc ion, and that the ϵ-NH2 group of Lys45 is a short distance from the substrate Cα atom. The α-proton abstraction from d-serine by Lys45 and the elimination of the hydroxyl group seem to occur with the assistance of the zinc ion, resulting in the strict reaction specificity. 相似文献
34.
Bindu Panicker Pious Thomas Tolety Janakiram Rangarajan Venugopalan Sathyanarayana B. Narayanappa 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):614-622
In an effort to develop a sustainable protocol for the micropropagation of a shy suckering elite chrysanthemum cv. Arka Swarna
(yellow pompon type), in vitro cultures were established using surface-sterilized nodal microcuttings (1–1.5 cm) from polyhouse-grown plants on MS medium
containing 3% sucrose, 0.25% phytagel, and 5 μM benzyl adenine (BA) or kinetin. Microbial contamination in the range of 6–24%
was encountered during the first in vitro passage. Apparently clean cultures after one passage on MS basal medium were transferred to medium with BA or kinetin (0,
1, 5, 10, or 20 μM) in culture bottles, and were monitored for eight in vitro passages (1 mo. each) for growth and microbial contamination. Plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium was the best for sustainable
micropropagation over successive in vitro passages yielding a single shoot from cultured microcuttings. Higher cytokinin levels inhibited rooting and induced one or
more shorter shoots with close nodes resulting in low propagation rates. All apparently clean stocks revealed covert endophytic
bacteria during tissue-indexing using bacteriological media. Three distinct bacterial morphotypes were isolated from such
stocks, identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as different morphotypes of Curtobacterium citreum. The endophytes tended to show obvious growth on chrysanthemum culture medium with increase in cytokinin levels (5–20 μM),
but such growth was not noticed in inoculations on MS medium without plants. Sustainable micropropagation of cv. Arka Swarna
for more than 2 yr with the resident endophytic bacteria in covert form was realized on PGR-free MS medium giving a net propagation
rate of three to four times over a subculture cycle of 2–3 wk. 相似文献
35.
Dusane DH Dam S Nancharaiah YV Kumar AR Venugopalan VP Zinjarde SS 《Aquatic biosystems》2012,8(1):1-7
Background
Biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received increasing attention due to the growing need to develop safe, time-effective and environmentally friendly technologies for nano-materials synthesis. This paper reports the one pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaf bud extract of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora mucronata and their antimicrobial effects against aquatic pathogens. Highly stable AgNPs were synthesized by treating the mangrove leaf bud extract with aqueous silver nitrate solution at 15?psi pressure and 121°C for 5 minutes.Results
The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrum, at 426?nm. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed the face-centered cubic geometry of AgNPs. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis was carried out to identify the possible biomolecules responsible for biosynthesis of AgNPs from the leaf bud extract. The size and shape of the well-dispersed AgNPs were documented with the help of High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) with a diameter ranged from 4 to 26?nm. However a maximum number of particles were observed at 4?nm in size. The antibacterial effects of AgNPs were studied against aquatic pathogens Proteus spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Flavobacterium spp., isolated from infected marine ornamental fish, Dascyllus trimaculatus.Conclusion
This study reveals that the biosynthesized AgNPs using the leaf bud extract of a mangrove plant (R. mucronata) were found equally potent to synthetic antibiotics. The size of the inhibition zone increases when the concentration of the AgNPs increased and varies according to species. 相似文献36.
Sarkhel S Sharon A Trivedi V Maulik PR Singh MM Venugopalan P Ray S 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2003,11(23):5025-5033
Mono- and bis-benzo[b]oxepine derivatives have been rationally synthesized to meet the molecular requirement for interaction with estrogen receptor. Bis-benzo[b]oxepines (7 and 9) and mono-benzo[b]oxepine (10) acquire geometry with phenolic groups disposed in a fashion to stimulate estrogen receptor. Structure-based investigation, in vivo activity and docking studies have been described and correlated to demonstrate a practical approach for suitable ligand design. 相似文献
37.
38.
Spicer Michelle Elise Radhamoni Harikrishnan Venugopalan Nair Duguid Marlyse C. Queenborough Simon A. Comita Liza S. 《Plant Ecology》2022,223(2):117-129
Plant Ecology - Studies conducted in forests have resulted in much of the ecological theory we build upon today. However, our basic understanding of forest ecology comes almost exclusively from the... 相似文献
39.
Response of enteric luminous bacteria to environmental conditions in the gut of the fish 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The response of luminous bacterial cultures to conditions encountered in the fish gut such as neutral pH, the presence of bile salts, gastric juice and lysozyme was examined. The organisms preferred neutral pH. Bile salts did not inhibit their growth. Neither lysozyme nor gastric juice affected their growth and viability to any extent. In the light of these findings, the adaptability of luminous bacteria to conditions existing in the gut of fish was discussed. 相似文献
40.