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171.
Jorg Brunner Floyd RA Wittink Martijs J Jonker Mark de Jong Timo M Breit Marja L Laine Johannes J de Soet Wim Crielaard 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):252
Background
The Gram negative anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis has long been recognized as a causative agent of periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the tooth supporting tissues eventually leading to tooth-loss. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of P. gingivalis has been shown to be an important virulence determinant. Seven capsular serotypes have been described. Here, we used micro-array based comparative genomic hybridization analysis (CGH) to analyze a representative of each of the capsular serotypes and a non-encapsulated strain against the highly virulent and sequenced W83 strain. We defined absent calls using Arabidopsis thaliana negative control probes, with the aim to distinguish between aberrations due to mutations and gene gain/loss. 相似文献172.
DAVID MODRÝ KLÁRA J. PETRELKOVÁ KATEINA POMAJBÍKOVÁ TOSHIHIRO TOKIWA JAROSLAV KÍEK SOICHI IMAI PETER VALLO ILONA PROFOUSOVÁ JAN LAPETA 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2009,56(1):83-87
ABSTRACT. Entodiniomorphid ciliates are often present in the colons of wild apes. In captive apes the infection tends to gradually disappear, with the exception of Troglodytella abrassarti . We used fecal examinations to screen the gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) in European (Czech Republic, UK) and Australian Zoos to explore the ape-to-ape transmission pattern of T. abrassarti . Gorillas from two out of three European Zoos were positive for T. abrassarti , while gorillas from the Australian Zoo were negative. We documented a horizontal transmission of T. abrassarti to a non-infected adult gorilla introduced into a Troglodytella -positive group in the Prague Zoo and traced the origin of the ciliate infection to the Paignton Zoo (UK) using serial fecal examinations. During this study, two infant gorillas born in the Prague Zoo (CZ) first became positive for T. abrassarti at the age of 9 mo. Ciliate morphology and the sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer rDNA spacer region revealed that T. abrassarti affects both captive gorillas and chimpanzees. We conclude that zoo transport plays a major role in the distribution of T. abrassarti among captive gorillas. 相似文献
173.
ESTHER SEBASTIÁN‐GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO BOTELLA RAÚL A. SEMPERE JOSÉ A. SÁNCHEZ‐ZAPATA 《Ibis》2010,152(3):643-650
The ideal free distribution (IFD) model predicts that a density‐dependent mechanism operates to regulate habitat selection and reproductive performance. We studied a Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis population, which breeds on irrigation ponds in the Vega Baja Valley (southeastern Spain) to test the premises of the IFD model. These ponds are highly dynamic because they are managed according to agricultural requirements, and are subject to different levels of disturbance, which can change the quality of individual ponds across the landscape. Surveys were carried out during the breeding season from 2002 to 2006, with reproduction performance estimated during two consecutive breeding seasons, 2003 and 2004. Occupation frequency differed from random, indicating preference for some ponds over others. Habitat features such as pond construction and design, the presence of submerged vegetation, vegetation along the shore and reed beds, and pond area correlated with occupation frequency and might be considered to be indicators of pond quality. Ponds were occupied sequentially from best to worst. Thus, when the population size increased, the number of low‐quality ponds occupied also increased. High‐quality ponds held more breeding pairs than low‐quality ones, resulting in the mean reproductive success per breeding pair being independent of pond quality. Little Grebes therefore occupy ponds in a manner consistent with the expectations of the IFD model. 相似文献
174.
Molecular cloning and characterization of an alpha1,3 fucosyltransferase, CEFT-1, from Caenorhabditis elegans 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
We report on the identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of
an alpha1,3 fucosyltransferase (alpha1,3FT) expressed by the nematode,
Caenorhabditis elegans . Although C. elegans glycoconjugates do not express
the Lewis x antigen Galbeta1-- >4[Fucalpha1-->3]GlcNAcbeta-->R,
detergent extracts of adult C.elegans contain an alpha1,3FT that can
fucosylate both nonsialylated and sialylated acceptor glycans to generate
the Lexand sialyl Lexantigens, as well as the lacdiNAc-containing acceptor
GalNAcbeta1-->4GlcNAcbeta1-- >R to generate GalNAcbeta1-->4
[Fucalpha1-->3]GlcNAcbeta1-->R. A search of the C.elegans genome
database revealed the existence of a gene with 20-23% overall identity to
all five cloned human alpha1,3FTs. The putative cDNA for the C.elegans
alpha1,3FT (CEFT-1) was amplified by PCR from a cDNA lambdaZAP library,
cloned, and sequenced. COS7 cells transiently transfected with cDNA
encoding CEFT-1 express the Lex, but not sLexantigen. The CEFT-1 in the
transfected cell extracts can synthesize Lex, but not sialyl Lex, using
exogenous acceptors. A second fucosyltransferase activity was detected in
extracts of C. elegans that transfers Fuc in alpha1,2 linkage to Gal
specifically on type-1 chains. The discovery of alpha-fucosyltransferases
in C. elegans opens the possibility of using this well-characterized
nematode as a model system for studying the role of fucosylated glycans in
the development and survival of C.elegans and possibly other helminths.
相似文献
175.
Summary Deterministic (analytical), stochastic and computer-aided methods have been used to construct the time-periodic (limit cycle) solution of a model suggested by H. Degn to account for the qualitative features of the respiratory process in a Klebsiella Aerogenes bacterial culture. 相似文献
176.
MARIA C. BLASSIOLI‐MORAES DIEGO M. MAGALHÃES ANDREJ ČOKL RAÚL A. LAUMANN JOSEANE P. DA SILVA CLEONOR C. A. SILVA MIGUEL BORGES 《Physiological Entomology》2014,39(1):1-11
Vibrational communication is important for successful mating in various stink bugs species. The vibrational signals from males and females of Dichelops melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are recorded from a nonresonant substrate (i.e. a loudspeaker membrane) to characterize the temporal and spectral properties of these vibrational signals, as well as on a resonant substrate (i.e. bean plants) to obtain information about how these signals are altered when they are transmitted through the plants. On the loudspeaker membrane, D. melacanthus males and females emit only one male or one female song, respectively. However, when the insects are placed on bean leaves, a more complex repertoire is recorded, with three different songs for each sex. The first female and male songs appear to have calling functions and the third male and female songs are emitted during courtship. The second female and male songs are emitted after the first song, although their functions in mating behaviour are not clear. The identified repertoire is similar to those of other Neotropical stink bugs, starting with songs 1 and 2 and developing into song 3. Frequency modulation is observed in the female songs recorded from the loudspeaker membrane and the plants. The signals recorded from plants present higher harmonic peaks compared with the signals recorded from the loudspeaker membrane. The presence of species and sex‐specific songs during mating confirms the important role of vibrational communication in mate location and recognition. The temporal and spectral characteristic signals are influenced by the substrate used to record the songs emitted by D. melacanthus. 相似文献
177.
Avise JC; Shapira JF; Daniel SW; Aquadro CF; Lansman RA 《Molecular biology and evolution》1983,1(1):38-56
We address the problem of the possible significance of biological
speciation to the magnitude and pattern of divergence of asexually
transmitted characters in bisexual species. The empirical data for this
report consist of restriction endonuclease site variability in maternally
transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from 82 samples of
Peromyscus polionotus and P. leucopus collected from major portions of the
respective species' ranges. Data are analyzed together with previously
published information on P. maniculatus, a sibling species to polionotus.
Maps of restriction sites indicate that all of the variation observed can
be reasonably attributed to base substitutions leading to loss or gain of
particular recognition sites. Magnitude of mtDNA sequence divergence within
polionotus (maximum approximately equal to 2%) is roughly comparable to
that observed within any of five previously identified mtDNA assemblages in
maniculatus. Sequence divergence within leucopus (maximum approximately
equal to 4%) is somewhat greater than that within polionotus. Consideration
of probable evolutionary links among mtDNA restriction site maps allowed
estimation of matriarchal phylogenies within polionotus and leucopus.
Clustering algorithms and qualitative Wagner procedures were used to
generate phenograms and parsimony networks, respectively, for the
between-species comparisons. Three simple graphical models are presented to
illustrate some conceivable relationships of mtDNA differentiation to
speciation. In theoretical case I, each of two reproductively defined
species (A and B) is monophyletic in matriarchal genealogy; the common
female ancestor of either species can either predate or postdate the
speciation. In case II, neither species is monophyletic in matriarchal
genotype. In case III, species B is monophyletic but forms a subclade
within A which is thus paraphyletic with respect to B. The empirical
results for mtDNA in maniculatus and polionotus appear to conform closely
to case III. These theoretical and empirical considerations raise a number
of questions about the general relationship of the speciation process to
the evolution of uniparentally transmitted traits. Some of these
considerations are presented, and it is suggested that the distribution
patterns of mtDNA sequence variation within and among extant species should
be of considerable relevance to the particular demographies of speciation.
相似文献
178.
F L Velarde D Espinoza C Monge C de Muizon 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1991,313(9):401-406
A population of chicken (Gallus gallus) from the Peruvian Andes (4,000 m) carrying a high hemoglobin-oxygen affinity has been identified. This property remained stable after over 1 year residence at sea level and was transmitted to the descendants born at sea level. Chicken were introduced in South America during the Spanish conquest and therefore their adaptation time to high altitude is less than 500 years. This finding shows that a genotypic change in hemoglobin function can occur in an extremely short evolutionary time and leads to some reflections on the high altitude adaptation of the mammals that migrated to South America during the great Plio-Pleistocene interchange. 相似文献
179.
Gregorio Mentaberre Emmanuel Serrano Jorge-Ramón López-Olvera Encarna Casas-Díaz Roser Velarde Ignasi Marco Santiago Lavín 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2012,58(2):489-493
The use of tranquilizers in the capture of southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) for scientific and/or management purposes (collection of samples, marking, translocations) was studied to improve animal
welfare during capture operations. We used clinical findings and a statistical approach to analyze the causes of six incidences
of mortality during captures using drive nets and tranquilizers in this species. Hematology and serum biochemistry, pathology,
the use of tranquilizers and their dosages, the number of people involved in the capture of the chamois, and the location
were all taken into account. The selection of candidate models to explain mortality was conducted using the theoretic information
approach. Both observational findings and the models selected suggested that high doses of azaperone and to a lesser extent
haloperidol had an effect on mortality rates. The higher mean serum lactate concentrations found in the chamois that died
suggests that fatigue levels increased drug sensitivity and provoked the appearance of adverse effects, thereby increasing
the probability of death. We conclude that butyrophenones—and especially azaperone—have a low safety margin in the southern
chamois, contrary to what has been described for other species. 相似文献
180.