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101.
Internalization of bacteria into mammalian host cells has been studied extensively in the past two decades. These studies have highlighted the amazingly diverse strategies used by bacterial pathogens to induce their entry in non-phagocytic cells. The roles of actin and of the whole cytoskeletal machinery have been investigated in great detail for several invasive organisms, such as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia and Listeria. Recent results using Listeria highlight a role for the endocytosis machinery in bacterial entry, suggesting that clathrin-dependent endocytic mechanisms are also involved in internalization of large particles. This contrasts with the generally accepted dogma but agrees with previous studies of bacterial and viral infections and also of phagocytosis. 相似文献
102.
Daniele Chaves‐Moreira Olga M. Chaim Youssef B. Sade Kátia S. Paludo Luiza H. Gremski Lucélia Donatti Juliana de Moura Oldemir C. Mangili Waldemiro Gremski Rafael B. da Silveira Andrea Senff‐Ribeiro Silvio S. Veiga 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2009,107(4):655-666
Brown spiders have world‐wide distribution and are the cause of health problems known as loxoscelism. Necrotic cutaneous lesions surrounding the bites and less intense systemic signs like renal failure, DIC, and hemolysis were observed. We studied molecular mechanism by which recombinant toxin, biochemically characterized as phospholipase‐D , causes direct hemolysis (complement independent). Human erythrocytes treated with toxin showed direct hemolysis in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner, as well as morphological changes in cell size and shape. Erythrocytes from human, rabbit, and sheep were more susceptible than those from horse. Hemolysis was not dependent on ABO group or Rhesus system. Confocal and FACS analyses using antibodies or GFP‐phospholipase‐D protein showed direct toxin binding to erythrocytes membrane. Moreover, toxin‐treated erythrocytes reacted with annexin‐V and showed alterations in their lipid raft profile. Divalent ion chelators significantly inhibited hemolysis evoked by phospholipase‐D , which has magnesium at the catalytic domain. Chelators were more effective than PMSF (serine‐protease inhibitor) that had no effect on hemolysis. By site‐directed mutation at catalytic domain (histidine 12 by alanine), hemolysis and morphologic changes of erythrocytes (but not the toxin's ability of membrane binding) were inhibited, supporting that catalytic activity is involved in hemolysis and cellular alterations but not toxin cell binding. The results provide evidence that L. intermedia venom phospholipase‐D triggers direct human blood cell hemolysis in a catalytic‐dependent manner. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 655–666, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
103.
Nicolás Veiga Julia Torres Himali Y. Godage Andrew M. Riley Sixto Domínguez Barry V. L. Potter Alvaro Díaz Carlos Kremer 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2009,14(7):1001-1013
The inositol phosphates are ubiquitous metabolites in eukaryotes, of which the most abundant are inositol hexakisphosphate
(InsP
6) and inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5)]. These two compounds, poorly understood functionally, have complicated complexation and solid formation behaviours with
multivalent cations. For InsP
6, we have previously described this chemistry and its biological implications (Veiga et al. in J Inorg Biochem 100:1800, 2006; Torres et al. in J Inorg Biochem 99:828, 2005). We now cover similar ground for Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5, describing its interactions in solution with Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, and its solid-formation equilibria with Ca2+ and Mg2+. Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5 forms soluble complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry with all multivalent cations studied. The affinity for Fe3+ is similar to that of InsP
6 and inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate, indicating that the 1,2,3-trisphosphate motif, which Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5 lacks, is not absolutely necessary for high-affinity Fe3+ complexation by inositol phosphates, even if it is necessary for their prevention of the Fenton reaction. With excess Ca2+ and Mg2+, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5 also forms the polymetallic complexes [M4(H2L)] [where L is fully deprotonated Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5]. However, unlike InsP
6, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5 is predicted not to be fully associated with Mg2+ under simulated cytosolic/nuclear conditions. The neutral Mg2+ and Ca2+ complexes have significant windows of solubility, but they precipitate as [Mg4(H2L)]·23H2O or [Ca4(H2L)]·16H2O whenever they exceed 135 and 56 μM in concentration, respectively. Nonetheless, the low stability of the [M4(H2L)] complexes means that the 1:1 species contribute to the overall solubility of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5 even under significant Mg2+ or Ca2+ excesses. We summarize the solubility behaviour of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P
5 in straightforward plots. 相似文献
104.
105.
Vicente Polo Isabel López‐Rull Diego Gil José P. Veiga 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2010,116(2):129-137
Multiple male traits and displays may act in signalling sexually selected processes during courtship. Spotless starling males (Sturnus unicolor) carry green plants into their nests before egg laying, and recent studies have shown that this behaviour is related to female breeding decisions and the production of male‐biased broods. Although the functional implications of this effect on females are not yet clear, data suggest that it could be mediated by female circulating hormones. Additionally, females may show higher androgen levels as a consequence of the increased female–female competition generated by the increase in male attractiveness. We tested this hypothesis using the same manipulation of green nesting material that has been previously shown to result in an increase of male attractiveness in male spotless starlings. We found that females in experimental nests increased their circulating testosterone levels during the laying period. In addition, there was an increase of social interferences in the experimental nests because of the addition of green plants. We hypothesise that testosterone may allow females to maintain their mating status when competing with other females for the preferred males. Addition of green plants also increased the variance in the levels of circulating testosterone, suggesting plasticity between females in their response to the manipulation. We propose that there is a functional link between high testosterone levels, male‐biased sex ratios and female resource‐holding potential in intra‐sexual competition in this species. 相似文献
106.
Kalle T Rytkönen Gillian MC Renshaw Kevin J Ashton Grant Williams-Pritchard Erica H Leder Mikko Nikinmaa 《BMC molecular biology》2010,11(1):27
Background
Elasmobranch fishes are an ancient group of vertebrates which have high potential as model species for research into evolutionary physiology and genomics. However, no comparative studies have established suitable reference genes for quantitative PCR (qPCR) in elasmobranchs for any physiological conditions. Oxygen availability has been a major force shaping the physiological evolution of vertebrates, especially fishes. Here we examined the suitability of 9 reference candidates from various functional categories after a single hypoxic insult or after hypoxia preconditioning in epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). 相似文献107.
108.
Ana F. Soares Rui A. Carvalho Francisco J. Veiga John G. Jones 《Metabolic engineering》2010,12(6):552-560
Hepatic glycogen is formed by direct and indirect pathways whose activities reflect altered nutrition or disease. Direct/indirect pathway measurements often involve test meals where ~10% of carbohydrate is galactose, but its effects on direct/indirect pathway estimates are unknown. Therefore, direct/indirect pathway contributions in 24-h fasted rats given 2 g/kg 100% glucose (GLU, n=6) or 90% glucose–10% galactose (GLU+GAL, n=6) were measured by [U-13C]glucose dilution and by position-5/position-2 glycogen enrichment (H5/H2) from 2H2O. For GLU+GAL, galactose glycogenesis was independently measured with [1-13C]galactose. Glycogenesis was equivalent in both groups but for GLU+GAL, 23±4% of glycogen was derived from galactose. [U-13C]glucose reported a 30±3% direct pathway contribution to glycogenesis for GLU but only 20±3% for GLU+GAL (p=0.012 vs. GLU). H5/H2 yielded identical direct pathway estimates (32±3% GLU, 29±6% GLU+GAL). Thus, galactose glycogenesis was undetected by H5/H2 while [U-13C]glucose reported a reduced direct/indirect pathway ratio. With [1-13C]galactose also present, correct glycogenic source contributions were obtained. 相似文献
109.
Laurent Dortet Esteban Veiga Matteo Bonazzi Pascale Cossart 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2010,12(12-13):919-927
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular Gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis. It is able to invade, survive and replicate in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. The L. monocytogenes surface protein InlB interacts with c-Met, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, inducing bacterial internalization in numerous non-phagocytic cells. As InlB and HGF are known to trigger similar signaling pathways upon c-Met activation, we investigated the role of CD44, and more specifically its isoform CD44v6, in bacterial internalization in non-phagocytic cells. Indeed, CD44, the hyaluronic acid transmembrane receptor, and more specifically its isoform CD44v6 have been reported as necessary for the activation of c-Met upon the interaction with either the endogenous ligand HGF or the L. monocytogenes surface protein InlB. Our results demonstrate that, in the cell lines that we used, CD44 receptors play no role in the activation of c-Met, neither during L. monocytogenes entry, nor upon HGF activation. Furthermore, none of the CD44 isoforms was recruited at the L. monocytogenes entry site, and depletion by siRNA of total CD44 or of CD44v6 isoform did not reduce bacterial infections. Conversely, the overexpression of CD44 or CD44v6 had no significant effect on L. monocytogenes internalization. Together our results reveal that the activation of c-Met can be largely CD44-independent. 相似文献
110.
Maria Isabel Veiga Pedro Eduardo Ferreira Berit Aydin Schmidt Ulf Ribacke Anders Bj?rkman Ales Tichopad José Pedro Gil 《PloS one》2010,5(8)