雀稗属花粉形态及其多萌发孔现象

在广东广泛收集禾本科雀稗属的基础上,观察了雀稗属（Paspalum)9个种及其类群的花粉形态。其花粉一般为球型,平均直径在34－50um之间,花粉表面纹饰一般为疣状突起或皱波状。在四倍体的台湾雀稗（P.formosanum),双穗雀稗（P.paspaloides),雀稗（P.thunbergii),两耳草（P.conjugatum),圆果雀稗（P.orbiculare),长叶雀稗（P.longifolium)和一个十倍体的南雀稗（P.commersonii)的一个类群上发现了禾本科罕见的花粉多萌发孔现象。     

On-line monitoring of the methanol concentration in Pichia pastoris cultures producing an heterologous lipase by sequential injection analysis

An automated sequential injection analysis (SIA) system using stop-flow technique was developed to determine methanol concentration by means of the enzymatic reactions of alcohol oxidase and peroxidase. Its application as an on-line device for monitoring Pichia pastoris fermentations producing an heterologous protein was demonstrated. Linear response, observed up to 2 g l^–1, was reached by including a dilution chamber in the SIA manifold. The sampling frequency was 7 analyses per hour with a relative standard deviation lower than 4%.     

Melatonin treatment enhances the efficiency of mice immunization with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus TC-83

To determine whether treatment with melatonin (MLT) improves the efficiency of immunization against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus, mice were vaccinated with TC-83 VEE virus and treated daily with MLT (1 or 5 mg/kg) starting 3 days before immunization, until 10 days after. IgM antibody titers were determined at days 7, 14, and 21 post-immunization. IL-10 levels were assayed at day 14 postvaccination. Treatment with MLT increased antibody titers 14 days after the immunization. IL-10 levels also increased with MLT treatment (1 and 5 mg/kg). Mice were challenged with live VEE virus at day 21 postimmunization, and viral titers were plaque assayed in chicken embryo fibroblasts 4 days after the infection. Following this challenge brain virus levels were significantly reduced. The results suggest that MLT treatment enhances the efficiency of mice immunization against VEE virus.     

High Intensity Light Increases Olfactory Bulb Melatonin in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection

In mice infected with the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus and exposed to high intensity light (2500 lux) with a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod, a significant increase in the levels of melatonin in the olfactory bulb was observed. The significance of these findings deserves further studies to understand the mechanisms involved in this effect since the olfactory bulbs have been proposed as first portal for VEE virus entry into the CNS. The increase in melatonin content could represent one of the mechanisms of defense against the viral attack.     

Analysis of plastid DNA-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants

A wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)DNA sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous DNA) was undertaken. Digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and Southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear DNA in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. Some species, such as Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and Chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these sequences, while intraspecific sequence variation was observed among different cultivars of Pisum sativum (pea), Hordeum vulgare (barley), and Triticum aestivum (wheat). Hypervariability of plastid sequence homologies was identified in the nuclear genomes of Spinacea oleracea (spinach) and Beta vulgaris (beet), in which individual plants were shown to possess a unique spectrum of nuclear sequences with ptDNA homology. This hypervariability apparently extended to somatic variation in B. vulgaris. No sequences with ptDNA homology were identified by this method in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.      

PS-2基因的克隆及其在肝癌中的表达

利用荧光差异显示技术比较了正常肝、肝硬化和肝癌组织 m RNA的表达 ,1 4个有差异的条带通过 Northern blot分析表明其中 9个为阳性 .令人感兴趣的是一个～ 5 0 0 bp的 c DNA片段 ,它在正常肝和肝硬化中低表达 ,在肝癌组织中高表达 .通过测序 ,发现该片段与 PS- 2 ( presenilin- 2 )基因有 94 %的同源性 .PS- 2基因的突变与早发性阿尔茨海默氏症有关 ,但在肝癌发生中的作用未明 .也许 PS- 2基因的上调涉及到肝癌发生的分子机理     

中国外来入侵植物研究现状及存在的问题

生物入侵是当今各国发展的一大挑战,特别是像中国这样的发展中国家。然而,我们对外来入侵种的本底资料还很不清楚,更缺乏相关的深入调查;对生物入侵所造成的生态和经济影响还没有引起足够的重视,同时也忽视了盲目引种可能带来的各种危害。本文在文献调研的基础上,从外来植物的入侵历史和文化、中国外来入侵植物的调查现状、外来植物入侵对生态安全及经济的影响等方面进行了全面系统的总结,并提出了中国外来入侵植物研究领域存在的问题及应对措施。     

五爪金龙茎的解剖结构

运用常规石蜡切片、显微观察及显微照相的方法, 对五爪金龙( Ipomoea cairica) 茎的结构进行了观察研究, 结果表明: 五爪金龙茎的解剖结构以初生结构为主, 维管形成层已经形成, 但次生结构尚不发达。通常具3～6 个空腔, 初步推断其为裂生式分泌道; 表皮外弦向壁增厚, 具角质层, 具气孔及气室;紧贴表皮内方的1～3 层和皮层最内1～3 层的细胞可能为分泌细胞; 具双韧维管束, 木质部极为发达, 导管细胞紧密排列, 围绕内韧皮部和中央的髓而成一圆周; 形成层位于外韧皮部与木质部之间; 茎中央是大型薄壁细胞构成的髓, 具簇晶。     

极端干旱区多枝柽柳幼苗对人工水分干扰的形态及生理响应

在塔里木河下游断流河道人工生态输水的大背景下,多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima )作为当地优势物种,其更新恢复研究对下游荒漠河岸林的恢复尤为重要。通过研究多枝柽柳幼苗形态、水分和光合生理对不同灌溉处理的响应,分析不同人工水分干扰模式对柽柳幼苗生长发育的影响。实验设计了侧渗分层(LSI)和地表灌溉(AGI)两种给水方式,以及高灌(W1,50 L/株)、中灌(W2,25 L/株)、低灌(W3,12.5 L/株)3 个给水水平,并在整个生长季定期监测幼苗的形态参数变化、生物量、水势和光合速率。结果显示:(1)侧渗分层灌溉方式对幼苗基径、株高、冠幅以及前期生长速率都有促进作用;(2)在侧渗分层灌溉高灌下,幼苗地下及总生物量都显著高于地表灌溉(P < 0.05),且地表灌溉下根冠比(R/S:Root shoot ratio)明显高于侧渗分层灌溉;(3)侧渗分层灌溉下,幼苗茎水势高于地表漫灌,且在中灌和低灌下达到显著水平(P < 0.05),表明侧渗分层灌溉下幼苗的水分吸收效率更高;(4)在侧渗分层高灌及中灌下,实际光化学光量子产量值高于地表灌溉处理,并在高灌时差异极显著(P < 0.01)。研究表明,侧渗分层灌溉方式对多枝柽柳幼苗早期生长及水分和光合生理都具有显著促进作用。