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41.
Valerie M. Owen 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》1995,10(9-10):xii
42.
Androgen can directly modulate the induction of steroidogenic enzymes by FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) in ovary granulosa cells. In studies of its mechanism of action, we examined the androgen effect on granulosa cell interaction with lipoproteins, the physiologic source of cholesterol. After granulosa cells were cultured for 48 hours with and without androgen and/or FSH, the cells were incubated for 24 hours with 125I-lipoproteins [human high density lipoprotein (HDL), rat HDL, or human low density lipoprotein (LDL)]. The media were then analyzed for lipoprotein protein coat degradation products (mainly 125I-monoiodotyrosine) and progestin [mainly 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP)]. In the absence of FSH and androgen, 2 × 105 granulosa cells degraded basal levels of all three lipoproteins, but produced no measurable 20α-DHP. The addition of 10?7 M androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) had no effect on lipoprotein protein degradation or 20α-DHP production. FSH alone stimulated lipoprotein protein degradation by 50 to 300% while the addition of androgen synergistically augmented the FSH-stimulated 20α-DHP production as well as protein coat degradation of all three lipoproteins. DHT and T were both effective, indicating that androgens themselves, and not estrogen products, were responsible for the effect on lipoprotein protein degradation and 20α-DHP production. The addition of a 10-fold excess cyproterone acetate (an anti-androgen) inhibited the effect of T, suggesting that the action of T was mediated by the granulosa cell androgen receptor. Androgen and FSH also synergistically stimulated the production of 3H-progestin when the granulosa cells were incubated with either 3H-cholesterol ester core labeled human HDL or similarly labeled human LDL. This report demonstrates that androgen, in combination with FSH, augments the steroidogenic pathway of the granulosa cell from the degradation of lipoprotein and utilization of the cholesterol ester core, to the production of progestin product. 相似文献
43.
Rearing of male farm animals in unisexual groups has been implicated as a factor contributing to the failure of many males to breed as adults. The present study examines the relationship of male-male mounting in yearling dairy goats to subsequent mate preferences and sexual performance.Twenty-four sexually inexperienced male dairy goats, representing the Alpine, LaMancha, Saanen and Toggenburg breeds, were observed for male-male mounting in their home enclosure and then tested for mate choice and sexual performance when exposed to male and female (estrous and diestrous) stimulus animals. Their sexual behavior was compared with 7 adult goats with previous breeding experience.In the mate choice-sexual performance tests, 4 sexually inexperienced goats (17%) were sexually inactive, 6 (25%) mounted both male and female stimulus animals and 14 (58%) mounted only the female stimuli. Mate choice and sexual performance of the 20 sexually active males was not related to the number of male-male mounts initiated or the number of different males mounted in their home enclosure. However, the goats that received the greatest number of mounts in their home pen tended to be bisexual (would mount both male and female stimulus animals) in the mate choice tests. Males that were sexually inactive in mate choice-sexual performance tests repeatedly mounted the same male during home pen observations. Except for ejaculation frequency, the sexual performance of the sexually naive and experienced goats was similar. Goats of the Saanen breed were favored recipients of mounts from other males. There was no relationship between the number of male-male mounts performed and received.It was hypothesized that the reproductive failure of many male farm animals reared in all-male groups may be more closely related to the formation of specific sexual attachments to other males rather than the frequency with which they exhibit homosexual behaviors. 相似文献
44.
Gibberellins A1, A4, A9, A12-aldehyde, A20 and A51, each labelled with both a radioactive and stable isotope were fed to immature barley grain by injection into the endosperm. After 7 d, extensive metabolism of all substrates had occurred, and metabolites were identified by combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A proposed scheme of gibberellin metabolism in immature barley grain is presented.Abbreviations GAn
gibberellin An
- GC-MS
combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography 相似文献
45.
Identification, physical map location and sequence of the denV gene from bacteriophage T4 总被引:19,自引:5,他引:14
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The denV gene from bacteriophage T4, which codes for endonuclease V, a small DNA repair enzyme, has been cloned and identified by an approach combining DNA sequencing and genetics, independent of the phenotypic effect of the cloned gene. Appropriate DenV+ and DenV- deletion mutants were mapped physically to define precisely a region encompassing the denV gene. This region was sequenced in order to identify a protein-coding sequence of the correct size for the denV gene (400-500 bp). Finally, identification was confirmed by sequencing the corresponding fragments cloned from four genetically and phenotypically well-characterized denV mutants. The denV gene is located at 64 kb on the T4 genome, adjacent to the ipII gene, and codes for a basic protein of 138 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 16,078. 相似文献
46.
Isoelectric focusing of glutathione S-transferases from rat liver and kidney 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
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The glutathione S-transferases that were purified to homogeneity from liver cytosol have overlapping but distinct substrate specificities and different isoelectric points. This report explores the possibility of using preparative electrofocusing to compare the composition of the transferases in liver and kidney cytosol. Hepatic cytosol from adult male Sprague–Dawley rats was resolved by isoelectric focusing on Sephadex columns into five peaks of transferase activity, each with characteristic substrate specificity. The first four peaks of transferase activity (in order of decreasing basicity) are identified as transferases AA, B, A and C respectively, on the basis of substrate specificity, but the fifth peak (pI6.6) does not correspond to a previously described transferase. Isoelectric focusing of renal cytosol resolves only three major peaks of transferase activity, each with narrow substrate specificity. In the kidney, peak 1 (pI9.0) has most of the activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, peak 2 (pI8.5) toward p-nitrobenzyl chloride, and peak 3 (pI7.0) toward trans-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one. Renal transferase peak 1 (pI9.0) appears to correspond to transferase B on the basis of pI, substrate specificity and antigenicity. Kidney transferase peaks 2 (pI8.5) and 3 (pI7.0) do not correspond to previously described glutathione S-transferases, although kidney transferase peak 3 is similar to the transferase peak 5 from focused hepatic cytosol. Transferases A and C were not found in kidney cytosol, and transferase AA was detected in only one out of six replicates. Thus it is important to recognize the contribution of individual transferases to total transferase activity in that each transferase may be regulated independently. 相似文献
47.
Two types of chromosomal abnormality have been found in natural populations of Myzus persicae in Japan. One type is apparently due to an autosome 3 dissociation, giving a 2n=13 karyotype. The other is interpreted as a translocation between autosomes 1 and 3, resulting in a 2n=12 complement with marked structural heterozygosity. In laboratory crosses, both types of abnormality were inherited through the sexual phase. The proportions of each type in the F1 agreed well with expectations, except that no forms homozygous for the translocation were obtained from crosses between translocation heterozygotes, and no karyotypes with both the translocation and the dissociation were obtained when translocated and dissociated forms were crossed. In the F1 of one cross a triploid clone with the autosomal 1,3 translocation was obtained. 相似文献
48.
Cedric Minkin Lenny Blackman Jarrett Newbrey Selma Pokress Robert Posek Marlin Walling 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1977,76(3):875-881
Peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes elicited by thioglycollate demonstrate responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) which differs from that seen in the normal resident population. PTH causes a twofold stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in elicited cells but inhibits this activity in resident cells. CT causes a greater stimulation of adenylate cyclase in elicited than in resident cells. Both CT and PTH cause an increase in cyclic AMP accumulation in cultures of elicited mononuclear phagocytes. These results indicate that cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage have functional receptors for both PTH and CT. This is the first biochemical evidence to support the hypothesis that mononuclear phagocytes are precursors of the bone resorbing osteoclast. 相似文献
49.
Georgirene D. Vladutiu Richard M. Fike Valerie T. Amigone 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1981,17(7):588-592
Summary Fibroblasts derived from patients with I-cell disease have been shown to accumulate many natural substrates including a three
to fourfold increase in sialic acid content compared to that found in normal fibroblasts. This diverse accumulation of storage
material is due to a massive deficiency of multiple lysosomal hydrolases as they are preferentially excreted into the culture
fluid. There is evidence that the I-cell plasma membrane itself is abnormal with respect to certain transferase activities
and in its sensitivity to freezing and Triton X-100. In this study, we have shown that a neuraminidase-sensitive substrate,
and perhaps others in I-cell fibroblasts, contribute to an increased electronegativity of the I-cell fibroblast surface and
to the cells' sensitivity to freezing. We also found that neuraminidase treatment of I-cell fibroblasts before preservative
freezing in liquid nitrogen enables the cells to adapt more easily to subculture upon thawing.
This project was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) BRSG Grant RR-05493, NIH Grant 1-R01-HD-11453-01-A1,
National Science Foundation Grant PCM 77-05733, and Maternal and Child Health Service Project 417. Georgirene D. Vladutiu
is the recipient of Research Career Development Award 1K04 HD 00312-01A1 from the National Institutes of Health. 相似文献
50.
Seed maturation of Pisum sativum cv. Progress No. 9 proceeds more slowly in winter than in summer even when the parent plants are grown in greenhouse conditions with light-and heat-supplementation. For parent plants grown under summer and winter conditions the metabolism of [3H]GA9 in cultured seeds is qualitatively different in seeds of equivalent age and qualitatively the same in seeds of equivalent weight. 13-Hydroxylation of [3H]GA9[3H]GA20 is restricted to early stages of seed development. 2-Hydroxylation of [3H]GA92-OH-[3H]GA9 has only been observed at a stage of development after endogenous GA9 has accumulated. 2-OH-GA9 has been shown to be endogenous to pea and is named GA51. H2-GA31 and its conjugate have not been shown to be present in pea and may be induced metabolites of [3H]GA9. The metabolism of GA20GA29 is used to illustrate a technique of feeding [2H][3H]GAs in order to distinguish a metabolite from the same endogenous compound. The in vitro conversion of [3H]GA20[3H]GA29, and the virtual non-metabolism of [3H]GA29 have been confirmed for seeds in intact fruits. These results are discussed in relation to the apparent absence of conjugated GAs in mature pea seeds.Abbreviations GAn
gibberellin An
- GC
gas chromatography
- GC-MS
combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- GC-RC
combined gas chromatography-radio counting
- Me
methyl ester
- RT
etention time
- SICM
selected ion current monitoring
- TLC
thin layer chromatography
- TMS
trimethyl silyl ether
The author is née Frydman 相似文献