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81.
Population size and distribution of Otaria flavescens in central and southern Chubut, Patagonia were determined by aerial censuses conducted during the breeding season in 1989 and 1995 and outside the season. Pup numbers were corrected by means of a linear regression between pup and adult male (AM) numbers obtained from terrestrial censuses carried out in 1994 and 1996. During the 1989 breeding season, 10,557 sea lions occurred at 29 locations; 2,800 (26.3%) were pups. During the 1995 breeding season, 14,887 animals were censused at 32 sites; 3,311 (22.2%) were pups. The corrected pup number increased to 4,852, indicating that around 32% is lost when counting from photographs. The corrected total number increased to 16,483; this fell to less than one half between breeding seasons (November 1990 and 1995). The 1995 breeding season census represents the highest number since 1972 (8,800) and the widest historical dispersion (37 sites year round contrasting with 13 in the late 1940s and 1972). However, the present number is about one half of the 33,000 censused about 50 yr ago. Using a correction factor developed for the north Paragonian population (1.8 × censused number) the present population size in the area can be estimated at around 29,669 individuals. 相似文献
82.
Notomista E Pennacchio F Cafaro V Smaldone G Izzo V Troncone L Varcamonti M Di Donato A 《Microbial ecology》2011,61(3):582-594
Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y, isolated from a surface seawater sample collected from a closed bay in the harbour of Pozzuoli (Naples, Italy),
uses fuels as its sole carbon and energy source. Like some other Sphingomonads, this strain can grow as either planktonic
free cells or sessile-aggregated flocks. In addition, this strain was found to grow as biofilm on several types of solid and
liquid hydrophobic surfaces including polystyrene, polypropylene and diesel oil. Strain PP1Y is not able to grow on pure alkanes
or alkane mixtures but is able to grow on a surprisingly wide range of aromatic compounds including mono, bi, tri and tetracyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds. During growth on diesel oil, the organic layer is emulsified resulting in
the formation of small biofilm-coated drops, whereas during growth on aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in paraffin the oil
layer is emulsified but the drops are coated only if the mixtures contain selected aromatic compounds, like pyrene, propylbenzene,
tetrahydronaphthalene and heterocyclic compounds. These peculiar characteristics suggest strain PP1Y has adapted to efficiently
grow at the water/fuel interface using the aromatic fraction of fuels as the sole carbon and energy source. 相似文献
83.
The most important bile acids, in the form of glycine and taurine conjugates, have been ordered in terms of relative acidity scale. The measurements have been carried out using mass spectrometric techniques. The group of taurine conjugates confirm the superior acidity over the glycine derivatives. Rationale of the differences found in gas-phase and comparison with the data reported in solution-phase are discussed with the support of theoretical calculations. The study has been completed with the acidity sequence of mixed oxo-hydroxy bile acids. 相似文献
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Marzola E Camarda V Batuwangala M Lambert DG Calo' G Guerrini R Trapella C Regoli D Tomatis R Salvadori S 《Peptides》2008,29(5):674-679
In the present study we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 24 analogues of the urotensin II (U-II) fragment U-II(4-11) substituted in position 4 with coded and non-coded aromatic amino acids. All of the new analogues behaved as full U-II receptor (UT) agonists. Our results indicated that aromaticity is well tolerated, size, length and chirality of the side chain are not important, while substituents with a nitrogen atom are preferred. Thus acylation of U-II(5-11) with small groups bearing nitrogen atoms could be instrumental in future studies for the identification of novel potent UT receptor ligands. 相似文献
86.
Factors shaping community assemblages and species co‐occurrence of different trophic levels 下载免费PDF全文
Valeria Trivellone Stephanie Bougeard Simone Giavi Patrik Krebs Diego Balseiro Stephane Dray Marco Moretti 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(13):4745-4754
Species assemblages are the results of various processes, including dispersion and habitat filtering. Disentangling the effects of these different processes is challenging for statistical analysis, especially when biotic interactions should be considered. In this study, we used plants (producers) and leafhoppers (phytophagous) as model organisms, and we investigated the relative importance of abiotic versus biotic factors that shape community assemblages, and we infer on their biotic interactions by applying three‐step statistical analysis. We applied a novel statistical analysis, that is, multiblock Redundancy Analysis (mbRA, step 1) and showed that 51.8% and 54.1% of the overall variation in plant and leafhopper assemblages are, respectively, explained by the two multiblock models. The most important blocks of variables to explain the variations in plant and leafhopper assemblages were local topography and biotic factors. Variation partitioning analysis (step 2) showed that pure abiotic filtering and pure biotic processes were relatively less important than their combinations, suggesting that biotic relationships are strongly structured by abiotic conditions. Pairwise co‐occurrence analysis (step 3) on generalist leafhoppers and the most common plants identified 40 segregated species pairs (mainly between plant species) and 16 aggregated pairs (mainly between leafhopper species). Pairwise analysis on specialist leafhoppers and potential host plants clearly revealed aggregated patterns. Plant segregation suggests heterogeneous resource availability and competitive interactions, while leafhopper aggregation suggests host feeding differentiation at the local level, different feeding microhabitats on host plants, and similar environmental requirements of the species. Using the novel mbRA, we disentangle for the first time the relative importance of more than five distinct groups of variables shaping local species communities. We highlighted the important role of abiotic processes mediated by bottom‐up effects of plants on leafhopper communities. Our results revealed that in‐field structure diversification and trophic interactions are the main factors causing the co‐occurrence patterns observed. 相似文献
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Addolorata Corrado Ripalta Colia Angiola Mele Valeria Di Bello Antonello Trotta Anna Neve Francesco Paolo Cantatore 《PloS one》2015,10(9)
A reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is observed in several rheumatic autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Sclerosis (SSc); nevertheless, data concerning the possible determinants of bone loss in this disease are not fully investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between BMD, body mass composition, skin sclerosis and serum Vitamin D levels in two subsets of SSc patients. 64 post-menopausal SSc patients, classified as limited cutaneous (lcSSc) or diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) SSc, were studied. As control, 35 healthy post-menopausal women were recruited. Clinical parameters were evaluated, including the extent of skin involvement. BMD at lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck and body mass composition were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, urine pyridinium cross-links, intact parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were measured. BMD at spine, femoral neck and total hip was significantly lower in SSc patients compared to controls. In dcSSc subset, BMD at spine, femoral neck and total hip was significantly lower compared to lcSSc. No differences in both fat and lean mass were found in the three study groups even if patients with dcSSc showed a slightly lower total body mass compared to healthy controls. Total mineral content was significantly reduced in dSSc compared to both healthy subjects and lcSSc group. Hypovitaminosis D was observed both in healthy post-menopausal women and in SSc patients, but 25OHD levels were significantly lower in dcSSc compared to lcSSc and inversely correlated with the extent of skin thickness. These results support the hypothesis that the extent of skin involvement in SSc patients could be an important factor in determining low circulating levels of 25OHD, which in turn could play a significant role in the reduction of BMD and total mineral content. 相似文献
90.
Samuele Raccosta Mauro Manno Donatella Bulone Daniela Giacomazza Valeria Militello Vincenzo Martorana Pier Luigi San Biagio 《European biophysics journal : EBJ》2010,39(6):1007-1017
The formation of protein aggregates is important in many fields of life science and technology. The morphological and mechanical
properties of protein solutions depend upon the molecular conformation and thermodynamic and environmental conditions. Non-native
or unfolded proteins may be kinetically trapped into irreversible aggregates and undergo precipitation or gelation. Here,
we study the thermal aggregation of lysozyme in neutral solutions. We characterise the irreversible unfolding of lysozyme
by differential scanning calorimetry. The structural properties of aggregates and their mechanisms of formation with the eventual
gelation are studied at high temperature by spectroscopic, rheological and scattering techniques. The experiments show that
irreversible micron-sized aggregates are organised into larger clusters according to a classical mechanism of diffusion and
coagulation, which leads to a percolative transition at high concentrations. At a smaller length scale, optical and atomic
force microscopy images reveal the existence of compact aggregates, which are the origin of the aggregation irreversibility. 相似文献