Screening and identification of a microsatellite marker associated with sex in Wami tilapia, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis urolepis hornorum</Emphasis>

In this study, primer pairs of 15 microsatellite markers associated with sex determination of tilapia were selected and amplified in Wami tilapia, Oreochromis urolepis hornorum. While one marker, UNH168, on linkage group 3 (LG3) was associated (P < 0.001) with the phenotypic sex in the experimental population, nine genotypes were detected in both sexes. Only 99-bp allele was detected in the female samples, while 141, 149 and 157-bp alleles were present in both male and female samples. UNH168 was localized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the long arm of the largest tilapia chromosome pair (chromosome 1, equivalent to LG3). This sex-linked microsatellite marker could potentially be used for marker-assisted selection in tilapia breeding programmes to produce monosex male tilapia.     

大兴安岭地区紫貂的活动节律

借助无线电遥测技术,对４只紫貂全年的活动节律进行了研究,结果表明,紫貂的活动节律春季和冬季的高峰是在晨昏二个阶段,夏秋二季的活动高峰在白昼。春季总体活动节律与夏季相比有明显差异（Ｆ＝４．４９９,ｄｆ＝１,２２,２３;Ｐ＝０．０４５）,春季与秋季的活动节律也有差异（Ｆ＝７．０３９;ｄｆ＝１,２２,２３;Ｐ＝０．０１５）。其总体平均活动强度,春季活动量最小（１７．５３％）,夏季最高（３８．２９％）,其     

钙调素的结构生物学研究进展

介绍了Apo-CaM、Ca²⁺-CaM以及CaM与其靶肽及拮抗剂复合体的空间结构.钙调素(calmodulin, CaM)作为细胞多功能的Ca²⁺受体,在细胞信号转导过程中发挥重要作用.近几年对它的空间结构有了较清楚的了解,使人们能够更明确地认识CaM的Ca²⁺激活及CaM与其靶酶的作用机制.     

Safety Evaluation of Transgenic Tilapia with Accelerated Growth

Recent advances in modern marine biotechnology have permitted the generation of new strains of economically important fish species through the transfer of growth hormone genes. These transgenic fish strains show improved growth performance and therefore constitute a better alternative for aquaculture programs. Recently, we have obtained a transgenic tilapia line with accelerated growth. However, before introducing this line into Cuban aquaculture, environmental and food safety assessment was required by national authorities. Experiments were performed to evaluate the behavior of transgenic tilapia in comparison to wild tilapia as a way to assess the environmental impact of introducing transgenic tilapia into Cuban aquaculture. Studies were also conducted to evaluate, according to the principle of substantial equivalence, the safety of consuming transgenic tilapia as food. Behavior studies showed that transgenic tilapia had a lower feeding motivation and dominance status than controls. Food safety assessment indicated that tilapia growth hormone has no biological activity when administered to nonhuman primates. Furthermore, no effects were detected in human healthy volunteers after the consumption of transgenic tilapia. These results showed, at least under the conditions found in Cuba, no environmental implications for the introduction of this transgenic tilapia line and the safety in the consumption of tiGH-transgenic tilapia as an alternative feeding source for humans. These results support the culture and consumption of these transgenic tilapia. Received: March 9, 1998; accepted June 25, 1998.     

蒙古栎红松林演替模型FOROAK的研究

Based on forest dynamics theory, gap model FOROAK was developed for simulating long-termdynamics of Mongolian oak (Quercus rnongolica Fisch. )-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. )forest. The model included two parts: biological growth and environmental impacts on growth. Different areapatches were used in simulating forest changes. The results showed that this forest gap was 0.05 hm2. Themodel testing demonstrated that it could reasonably simulate forest dynamic process, and had a very highaccuracy to predict species compositions. The observed species basal areas was similar to the predicted at 60,100 and 270 year forests, the observed species compositions were similar to the predicted at old forest period.Complex changes were found through modeling forest dynamics of bare ground. Mongolian oak and white birch( Betula platyphylla Sukacz. ) dominated at early stage, forest dominated by broad leaved species was formedat middle stage, and then Korean pine dominated at latter stage. The prediction of current primary forestshowed that it was steady during the next 300 year period, the number of trees and the biomass of Korean pine changed very little.     

Effects of High K+ and Alkaline pH on Ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina Chloroplasts

It was reported that the growth of Dunaliella salina Teod. cultured in medium containing 1 mol/L NaC1 was almost completely inhibited by the addition of 100 mmol/L KC1. The high K+ (100 mmol/L KC1) treatment also significantly inhibited the photosynthetic rate of D. salina and decreased chlorophyll contents in algae. This study focuses on possible effects of high K+ or alkaline pH on the ultrastructural change of chloroplasts in D. salina. After D. salina was cultured in a medium containing 100 n,anol/L KC1 or in a medium with alkaline pH for 8 to 10 days, dramatic ultrastructural changes occurred in the chloroplasts including thylakoid swelling, volume increase of chloroplast, and significant accumulation of starch grains in chloroplasts. The results are consistent with our previous report indicating that the ultrastmctuml changes in chloroplast under high K + or alkaline pH may lead to an inhibitory effects on photosynthesis and overall growth of D. salina.     

Characterization of Genome and Chromosomes in Octoploid Wheat wheatgrass Amphiploid Zhong 2 Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Chromosome Pairing Analysis

Genomic constitution of octoploid wheat-wheatgrass amphiploid Zhong 2 was analyzed by chromosome pairing and fluorescence in sim hybridization techniques. The results indicated that the octoploid wheatwheatgrass chromosomes in Zhong 2 were derived from the distant homologous genomes of wheatgrass ( Agropyron intermedium (Host) P.B. = Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski = Thinotopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and Dewey, and thew distant homologous genomes were not from the E geaome of T. elongatum 2x. Zhong 2 contained 12 wheatgrass chromosomes in which a pair of chromosomes was involved in translocation between wheatgrass and wheat chromosomes.     

EF—Tumt和EF—Tsmt在不同发育阶段小鼠各组织中的表达分析

线粒体蛋白质翻译延长因子Ｔｕ和Ｔｓ（ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌｅｌｏｎｇａｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒＴｕａｎｄＴｓ,ＥＦＴｕｍｔａｎｄＥＦＴｓｍｔ）是由核基因编码的两个蛋白质,它们的功能和调控对细胞的生长发育有重要意义。采用ＥＦＴｕｍｔ和ＥＦＴｓｍｔ重组蛋白分别制备了抗ＥＦＴｕｍｔ和抗ＥＦＴｓｍｔ特异抗体并以此检测了它们在小鼠不同发育时期心肌、骨骼肌、肝、脑、脾等组织中的表达。蛋白质印迹结果表明ＥＦＴｕｍｔ和ＥＦＴｓｍｔ在各组织中的表达水平不同、有明显的组织差异性,并都受发育的调节。ＥＦＴｕｍｔ在同一发育时期各组织中的表达及随发育的变化趋势与ＥＦＴｓｍｔ基本一致。结果提示ＥＦＴｕｍｔ和ＥＦＴｓｍｔ的表达水平与组织细胞能量代谢水平密切相关,它们不仅在体内以复合体形式发挥作用,其基因表达可能受同一机制的调控。