Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus in the rufous horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus rouxi

Horseradish peroxidase was applied by inotophoretic injections to physiologically identified regions of the laryngeal motor nucleus, the nucleus ambiguus in the CF/FM bat Rhinolophus rouxi. The connections of the nucleus ambiguus were analysed with regards to their possible functional significance in the vocal control system, in the respiration control system, and in mediating information from the central auditory system. The nucleus ambiguus is reciprocally interconnected with nuclei involved in the generation of the vocal motor pattern, i.e., the homonomous contralateral nucleus and the area of the lateral reticular formation. Similarly, reciprocal connections are found with the nuclei controlling the rhythm of respiration, i.e., medial parts of the medulla oblongata and the parabrachial nuclei. Afferents to the nucleus ambiguus derive from nuclei of the 'descending vocalization system' (periaqueductal gray and cuneiform nuclei) and from motor control centers (red nucleus and frontal cortex). Afferents to the nucleus ambiguus, possibly mediating auditory influence to the motor control of vocalization, come from the superior colliculus and from the pontine nuclei. The efferents from the pontine nuclei are restricted to rostral parts of the nucleus ambiguus, which hosts the motoneurons of the cricothyroid muscle controlling the call frequency.     

Processing of yeast mitochondrial RNA: involvement of intramolecular hybrids in splicing of cob intron 4 RNA by mutation and reversion

Revertants have been obtained from six mutants of the box9 cluster, which are supposed to be defective in RNA splicing as a result of alterations in a splice signal sequence. This sequence is in the 5' part of intron 4 of the cob gene, 330 to 340 bp downstream from the 5' splice site. Sequencing reveals that reversion to splicing competence is achieved by restoration of the wild-type box9 sequence; by creation of novel box9 sequences; and by introduction of a second site or suppressor mutation (sup-) compensating for the effect of the primary box9- mutation. The sup- mutation alters a sequence in intron 4,293 bp upstream from the box9- primary mutation. The box9 sequence and this upstream sequence can base pair to form an intramolecular hybrid in intron RNA in which box9- and sup- are compensatory base pair exchanges (G----A and C----U, respectively). Thus intramolecular hybrid structures of intron RNA are essential for RNA splicing.     

Beiträge zur funktionellen Morphologie der Neurohypophyse

Zusammenfassung Beidseitige Adrenalektomie und Hypophysektomie führen bei der Ratte zu gleichartigen histologischen Veränderungen in der Zona externa infundibuli. In beiden Fällen treten in der normalerweise weitgehend goniorinegativen Zona externa infundibuli große Mengen gomoripositiver Granula auf. Sie scheinen Fasern anzugehören, die senkrecht zur Längsachse des Infundibulum verlaufen.Die Befunde werden als weiterer Hinweis dafür betrachtet, daß die gomoripositiven Substanzen der Zona externa infundibuli eine Bedeutung für die Steuerung der Nebennierenrindenfunktion haben.

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Studies on the functional morphology of the neurohypophysisII. Comparison of histological changes in the median eminence of the rat after bilateral adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy

Summary Bilateral adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy in the rat produce similar histological changes in the outer layer of the median eminence. In both cases, abundant gomoripositive granules are observed in the outer layer, which normally reacts gomorinegative. The gomoripositive granules seem to belong to fibres running vertically through the infundibulum.These findings are regarded as a further indication, that the gomoripositive substances of the outer layer of the median eminence play a significant role in controlling adrenocortical function.

     

MECHANISM OF TOXICITY AND RESISTANCE TO D-MANNOSE AND CERTAIN DERIVATIVES IN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHLORELLA BEIJ.12

d -Mannose and related derivatives, e.g., d -glucosa-mine and 2-deoxy-<d -glucose, blocked autotrophic and heterotrophic growth of several species of the genus Chlorella. Manometric studies showed differences in the effects of these compounds on substrate-induced O₂ uptake, indicating different modes of action. In a clonal culture, shaken in the light, mannose produced a lag phase of 7 days during which only ca. 0.05% of the cells continued to grow. From, these cells a resistant strain was isolated. Prolonged incubation in glucose media in darkness brought about a reversion to the sensitive condition. These metabolic shifts could not be explained on the basis of adaptation or nuclear gene mutation because of the permanency and high frequency of the resistant cells. The mechanism was suggested to be cytoplasmically controlled. The shift in sensitivity to the inhibitors was considered a reproducible characteristic of certain species. In contrast to the normal, rnannose-sensitive strain of C. infusionum var. acetophila, cells of a resistant strain carried a gelatinous envelope. The resistant strain utilized glucosamine as a source of nitrogen, but lost the capacity to use sugars for dark growth. This was reflected in drastic reductions in glucose and mannose uptake. The hexokinase activities in cell extracts were equivalent for both strains. The resistant strain did not accumulate hexose-6-phos-phates and showed an increased phosphatase activity at an alkaline pH.     

List of publications on human biometeorology in Czechoslovakia (period 1920–1960)

International Journal of Biometeorology -     

Inhibition of Swarming of Proteus by Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate, β-Phenethyl Alcohol,and p-Nitrophenylglycerine

The effects of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS), β-phenethyl alcohol (PEA), and p-nitrophenylglycerol (PNPG) on motility, swarming, flagellation, and growth of Proteus were examined. Growth-inhibitory concentrations (GIC) and swarming-inhibitory concentrations (SIC) were determined. A characterization of the swarming-inhibitory efficacy of these compounds was based on their GIC/SIC ratio and their concentration inhibition curves. Using the homologous series of sodium alkyl sulfates as a standard reference, we showed that PNPG was more effective than STS, which was the most effective of the homologous series. PEA was less effective than sodium decyl sulfate but more effective than sodium octyl sulfate. Motility tests in liquid medium and electron microscope investigations indicated that the modes of action of the three compounds, all of which effectively inhibit the swarming of Proteus, are different. Whereas STS and PEA inhibit swarming by inhibition of motility, PNPG seems to act on the swarming mechanism sensu strictori, without impairment of motility. STS immobilizes by inhibition of flagellum formation or by some lytic action on the flagella already synthesized. PEA acts by impairing flagellar function, but leaves the flagella morphologically intact.     

Die Feinstruktur von Milz und Leber bei experimenteller Amyloidose

Zusammenfassung Experimentell erzeugtes Amyloid besteht aus einer faserigen Komponente und einer homogenen Kittsubstanz. Darin eingelagert sieht man regelmäßig Thrombocyten. Die faserige Komponente des Amyloids besitzt eine andere Struktur als Reticulum- und Kollagenfasern und verhält sich nach Kontrastierung mit Schwermetallsalzen anders als diese. Mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit handelt es sich bei den Fasern um die Eiweißkomponente der amyloiden Substanz. Das Amyloid stellt ein rein zwischenzelliges Differenzierungsprodukt dar, es tritt niemals intrazellulär auf.Während der amyloiderzeugenden Behandlung kommt es zu einer plasmazellulären Transformation von Zellen in der roten Pulpa der Milz. Vergleichbare Erscheinungen zeigen sich auch in der Leber. Die Amyloiddepots liegen häufig in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft von Plasmazellen. Das Cytoplasma, insbesondere Ergastoplasmalamellen von Plasmazellen stehen oft mit dem Amyloid ohne Zwischenschaltung von Zellmembranen in unmittelbarem Kontakt. Diese Befunde sprechen für eine Beteiligung von Plasmazellen bei der Amyloidentstehung. Insbesondere können sie das regelmäßige Auftreten von Antigen-Antikörper-komplexen im Amyloid verständlich machen.Die Untersuchung wurde mit Hilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Letterer zum 30. 6. 60 gewidmet.