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71.
The Glutaraldehyde test (GT), a rapid and inexpensive test, has been utilized empirically for many years in bovine practice
for diagnosing inflammatory diseases. GT is used primarily to demonstrate increased serum concentrations of fibrinogen and
globulin. Glutaraldehyde binds with free amino groups in fibrinogen and immunoglobulin to create a clot in a first degree
chemical reaction. The clotting time of the GT estimates the content of proteins produced in response to inflammation. The
applicability of GT for diagnosing inflammation in the horse has never been investigated. The objective of this study was
to determine the ability of GT to distinguish between acute and chronic inflammatory disease in horses. Thirty-seven horses
with suspected inflammatory diseases were evaluated using the GT, history, complete clinical examination and routine blood
analysis. GT-times, laboratory results and clinical outcome were compared statistically. Horses that were determined to be
acutely affected (based on history, clinical examination and routine blood analysis) tended to have a negative GT (75%). Results
of the GT did not correlate with blood fibrinogen concentration. Positive GT also predicted a fatal outcome in 69% of the
clinical cases. The results of this trial indicate that GT can be a useful screening test to distinguish between acute and
chronic inflammatory disease in horses. 相似文献
72.
JC de Mauroy HR Weiss AG Aulisa L Aulisa JI Brox J Durmala C Fusco TB Grivas J Hermus T Kotwicki G Le Blay A Lebel L Marcotte S Negrini L Neuhaus T Neuhaus P Pizzetti L Revzina B Torres PJM Van Loon E Vasiliadis M Villagrasa M Werkman M Wernicka MS Wong F Zaina 《Scoliosis》2010,5(1):1-15
Abstract
Thoracic hyperkyphosis is a frequent problem and can impact greatly on patient's quality of life during adolescence. This condition can be idiopathic or secondary to Scheuermann disease, a disease disturbing vertebral growth. To date, there is no sound scientific data available on the management of this condition. Some studies discuss the effects of bracing, however no guidelines, protocols or indication's of treatment for this condition were found. The aim of this paper was to develop and verify the consensus on managing thoracic hyperkyphosis patients treated with braces and/or physiotherapy.Methods
The Delphi process was utilised in four steps gradually modified according to the results of a set of recommendations: we involved the SOSORT Board twice, then all SOSORT members twice, with a Pre-Meeting Questionnaire (PMQ), and during a Consensus Session at the SOSORT Lyon Meeting with a Meeting Questionnaire (MQ).Results
There was an unanimous agreement on the general efficacy of bracing and physiotherapy for this condition. Most experts suggested the use of 4-5 point bracing systems, however there was some controversy with regards to physiotherapeutic aims and modalities.Conclusion
The SOSORT panel of experts suggest the use of rigid braces and physiotherapy to correct thoracic hyperkyphosis during adolescence. The evaluation of specific braces and physiotherapy techniques has been recommended. 相似文献73.
Gender differences in the relationship between leptin, insulin resistance and the autonomic nervous system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Flanagan DE Vaile JC Petley GW Phillips DI Godsland IF Owens P Moore VM Cockington RA Robinson JS 《Regulatory peptides》2007,140(1-2):37-42
OBJECTIVES: Leptin, an important hormonal regulator of body weight, has been shown to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in vitro although the physiological relevance remains unclear. Increased SNS activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and an increased cardiovascular risk. We have therefore investigated the relationship between leptin, insulin resistance and cardiac autonomic activity in healthy young adults. 130 healthy men and women age 20.9 years were studied. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the IVGTT and minimal model with simultaneous measures of leptin. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed using spectral analysis of heart rate variability. RESULTS: Women showed significantly higher fasting leptin, heart rate and cardiac sympathetic activity, and lower insulin sensitivity. Men showed inverse correlations between insulin resistance and heart rate, and between insulin resistance and cardiac sympatho-vagal ratio. Women, in contrast, showed no SNS relationship with insulin resistance, but rather an inverse correlation between leptin and the sympatho-vagal ratio, suggesting that leptin in women is associated with SNS activity. The correlation remained significant after adjustment for BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (beta=-0.33 and p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance and SNS activity appear to be linked, although the relationship showed marked gender differences, and the direction of causality was unclear from this cross-sectional study. Leptin appears to exert a greater effect on the SNS in women, possibly because of their greater fat mass. 相似文献
74.
75.
76.
Structure and organization of the bovine beta-globin genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genomic clones spanning the entire cow beta-globin gene locus have been
isolated and characterized. These clones demonstrate that the linkage of
embryonic-like (epsilon) genes and pseudogenes (psi) to the previously
described fetal (gamma) and adult (beta) genes is as follows: 5'-epsilon
3-epsilon 4-psi 3-beta-epsilon 1-epsilon 2-psi 1- psi 2-gamma-3'. Present
data indicate that, like that of the goat, the fetal and adult genes arose
via block duplication of an ancestral four- gene set:
epsilon-epsilon-psi-beta. This duplication event preceded the divergence of
cows and goats, which occurred greater than or equal to 18-20 Myr ago.
However, cows do not have the additional four-gene block containing a
preadult/stress globin gene (beta C). Furthermore, the cow fetal cluster
contains an extra beta-like pseudogene, which apparently arose by a
small-scale duplication. The fixation of this duplication may indicate a
possible evolutionary role for pseudogenes.
相似文献
77.
Microsatellite allele frequencies in humans and chimpanzees, with implications for constraints on allele size 总被引:18,自引:6,他引:18
The distributions of allele sizes at eight simple-sequence repeat (SSR) or
microsatellite loci in chimpanzees are found and compared with the
distributions previously obtained from several human populations. At
several loci, the differences in average allele size between chimpanzees
and humans are sufficiently small that there might be a constraint on the
evolution of average allele size. Furthermore, a model that allows for a
bias in the mutation process shows that for some loci a weak bias can
account for the observations. Several alleles at one of the loci (Mfd 59)
were sequenced. Differences between alleles of different lengths were found
to be more complex than previously assumed. An 8-base-pair deletion was
present in the nonvariable region of the chimpanzee locus. This locus
contains a previously unrecognized repeated region, which is imperfect in
humans and perfect in chimpanzees. The apparently greater opportunity for
mutation conferred by the two perfect repeat regions in chimpanzees is
reflected in the higher variance in repeat number at Mfd 59 in chimpanzees
than in humans. These data indicate that interspecific differences in
allele length are not always attributable to simple changes in the number
of repeats.
相似文献
78.
REL Paul T Lafond CDM Müller-Graf S Nithiuthai PT Brey JC Koella 《BMC evolutionary biology》2004,4(1):30
Background
Evolutionary theory suggests that the selection pressure on parasites to maximize their transmission determines their optimal host exploitation strategies and thus their virulence. Establishing the adaptive basis to parasite life history traits has important consequences for predicting parasite responses to public health interventions. In this study we examine the extent to which malaria parasites conform to the predicted adaptive trade-off between transmission and virulence, as defined by mortality. The majority of natural infections, however, result in sub-lethal virulent effects (e.g. anaemia) and are often composed of many strains. Both sub-lethal effects and pathogen population structure have been theoretically shown to have important consequences for virulence evolution. Thus, we additionally examine the relationship between anaemia and transmission in single and mixed clone infections. 相似文献79.
80.
Loss of phylogenetic information in chorion gene families of Bombyx mori gene conversion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Regier JC; Weigmann BM; Leclerc RF; Friedlander TP 《Molecular biology and evolution》1994,11(1):72-87
The silkmoth chorion has provided a stimulating model for the study of
evolution and developmental regulation of gene families. Previous attempts
at inferring relationships among chorion sequences have been based on
pairwise comparisons of overall similarity, a potentially problematic
approach. To remedy this, we identified the alignable regions of low
sequence variability and then analyzed this restricted database by
parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. At the deepest level, the chorion
sequence tree is split into two branches, called "alpha" and "beta." Within
each branch, early- and late-expressing genes each constitute monophyletic
groups, while the situation with middle-expressing genes remains uncertain.
The HcB gene family appears to be the most basal beta-branch group, but
this conclusion is qualified because the effect of gene conversion on
branching order is unknown. Previous studies by Eickbush and colleagues
have strongly suggested that ErA, HcA, and HcB families undergo gene
conversion within a gene family, whereas the ErB family does not. The
occurrence of conversion correlates with a particular tree structure;
namely, branch lengths are much greater at the base of the family than at
higher internodes and terminal branches. These observations raise the
possibility that chorion gene families are defined by gene conversion
events (reticulate evolution) rather than by descent with modification
(synapomorphy).
相似文献