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The impact of chromatin structure upon the DNA damage response is becoming increasingly apparent. We can reasonably expect many more papers showing how chromatin and chromatin modifications impact upon aspects of the DNA damage response. Here, we present our perspective on some recent developments in this exciting area of cell biology. We aim that this review will be of interest to those who study the DNA damage response, but not usually in the context of chromatin, and equally to those who study chromatin, but not the DNA damage response. It seems likely that these two communities will increasingly share common questions and interests. 相似文献
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Lysosome membranes were isolated, and membrane proteins and glycoproteins were characterized by electrophoresis and lectin probes of nitrocellulose blots. Rat liver lysosomes were isolated on a discontinuous metrizamide gradient and characterized by subcellular marker enzymes. Lysosomes were lysed by hypotonic freeze-thaw shock and membranes were isolated. The release of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was used to monitor the disruption of the lysosomes. Proteins of lysosome membranes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There were at least 30 proteins present and several were glycoproteins. Nitrocellulose blots of lysosome membrane proteins were probed with a panel of lectins, including concanavalin A, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin I. Peanut agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I binding were also examined after neuramidase treatment of lysosome membranes. Ten proteins bound concanavalin A, and neuraminidase pretreatment revealed six proteins that bound Ricinus communis agglutinin I and three proteins that bound peanut agglutinin. The other lectins tested did not bind to any lysosome membrane proteins. These results indicate that lysosome membranes contain several glycoproteins, some of which contain sialic acid terminating complex oligosaccharides. 相似文献
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Daniel Aguirre de Cárcer Páraic ó Cuív Tingting Wang Seungha Kang Daniel Worthley Vicki Whitehall Iain Gordon Chris McSweeney Barbara Leggett Mark Morrison 《The ISME journal》2011,5(5):801-809
We applied constrained ordination numerical ecology methods to data produced with a human intestinal tract-specific phylogenetic microarray (the Aus-HIT Chip) to examine the microbial diversity associated with matched biopsy tissue samples taken from the caecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum of 10 healthy patients. Consistent with previous studies, the profiles revealed a marked intersubject variability; however, the numerical ecology methods of analysis allowed the subtraction of the subject effect from the data and revealed, for the first time, evidence of a longitudinal gradient for specific microbes along the colorectum. In particular, probes targeting Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. produced strongest signals with caecal and transverse colon samples, with a gradual decline through to the rectum. Conversely, the analyses suggest that several members of the Enterobacteriaceae increase in relative abundance towards the rectum. These collective differences were substantiated by the multivariate analysis of quantitative PCR data. We were also able to identify differences in the microarray profiles, especially for the streptococci and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, on the basis of gender. The results derived by these multivariate analyses are biologically intuitive and suggest that the biogeography of the colonic mucosa can be monitored for changes through cross-sectional and/or inception cohort studies. 相似文献
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Csenge Gal Karen M Moore Konrad Paszkiewicz Nicholas A Kent Simon K Whitehall 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2015,14(1):123-134
HIRA is an evolutionarily conserved histone chaperone that mediates
replication-independent nucleosome assembly and is important for a variety of processes
such as cell cycle progression, development, and senescence. Here we have used a chromatin
sequencing approach to determine the genome-wide contribution of HIRA to nucleosome
organization in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cells lacking HIRA experience
a global reduction in nucleosome occupancy at gene sequences, consistent with the proposed
role for HIRA in chromatin reassembly behind elongating RNA polymerase II. In addition, we
find that at its target promoters, HIRA commonly maintains the full occupancy of the
−1 nucleosome. HIRA does not affect global chromatin structure at replication
origins or in rDNA repeats but is required for nucleosome occupancy in silent regions of
the genome. Nucleosome organization associated with the heterochromatic
(dg-dh) repeats located at the centromere is perturbed by loss of HIRA
function and furthermore HIRA is required for normal nucleosome occupancy at Tf2 LTR
retrotransposons. Overall, our data indicate that HIRA plays an important role in
maintaining nucleosome architecture at both euchromatic and heterochromatic loci. 相似文献
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Response of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to zinc deficiency 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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