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201.
In a study of intramuscular injection of quinine eight adults with moderately severe falciparum malaria resistant to chloroquine were treated with quinine dihydrochloride, being given a loading dose of 20 mg salt (16.7 mg base)/kg followed by three or four eight hourly maintenance doses of 10 mg salt (8.3 mg base)/kg injected into the anterior thigh. All patients responded to treatment. Fever and parasite clearance times (mean (SD) 60 (23) h and 53 (22) h respectively) were comparable with those obtained with intravenous quinine. The mean peak plasma quinine concentration of 11.0 mg/l (34.4 mu mol/l) [corrected] was reached a median of five hours after administration of the loading dose. In all patients plasma quinine concentrations exceeded the high minimum inhibitory concentration for Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalent in Thailand within four hours of the start of treatment but did not cause toxicity other than mild cinchonism. When intravenous infusion is not possible an intramuscular quinine loading dose is an effective means of starting treatment in patients with moderately severe falciparum malaria who cannot swallow tablets.  相似文献   
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Three methods of analysis were used to determine the diet of territorial hooded crows at Lough Hyne Marine Reserve, Co Cork, Ireland The regular collection of prey Items from these sites at Lough Hyne was integrated with pellet and stomach analysis to determine diet Intertidal organisms occurred in over 80% of pellets and 43% of stomachs and occupied over 77% of the total wet weight of foods identified in pellets All prey items recovered from drop sites originated from the intertidal habitat, involved either large-sized species or larger individuals of smaller-sized species, and were only dropped during October to February Twenty-five intertidal species were identified but only a few of these species contributed to the bulk of the diet Hooded crows were shown to consume a wide range of intertidal species throughout the year, though the species composition in the diet was seasonally influenced Depletion and weight loss of intertidal molluscs through the winter was shown to have a minimal effect on selection suggesting that prey switching was driven by the birds nutritional requirements  相似文献   
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The method for obtaining antisera to meningococci of different serotypes are described and the scheme for the preparation of serotyping is presented, as well as the method for the preparation of the determinate fraction of serotype 2. Antisera to typing antigens 1, 2, 2-7, 2-10, 4, 5, 6, 8 (1) have been obtained, their specificity tested in parallel experiments with American and French typing sera. When typing meningococci, the use of antisera to purified protein antigen 2 is recommended.  相似文献   
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S-Protein/vitronectin is a serum glycoprotein that inhibits the lytic activity of the membrane attack complex of complement, i.e., of the complex including the proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9n. We show that intact S-protein/vitronectin or its cyanogen bromide generated fragments also inhibit the hemolysis mediated by perforin from cytotoxic T-cells at 45 and 11 microM, respectively. The glycosaminoglycan binding site of S-protein/vitronectin is responsible for the inhibition, since a synthetic peptide corresponding to a part of this highly basic domain (amino acid residues 348-360) inhibits complement- as well as perforin-mediated cytolysis. In the case of C9, the synthetic peptide binds to the acidic residues occurring in its N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (residues 101-111). Antibodies raised against this particular segment react 25-fold better with the polymerized form of C9 as compared with its monomeric form, indicating that this site becomes exposed only upon the hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition of C9. Since the cysteine-rich domain of C9 has been shown to be highly conserved in C6, C7, and C8 as well as in perforin, the inhibition of the lytic activities of these molecules by S-protein/vitronectin or by peptides corresponding to its heparin binding site may be explained by a similar mechanism.  相似文献   
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The oxidative half-reaction of phenol hydroxylase has been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Three flavin-oxygen intermediates can be detected when the substrate is thiophenol, or m-NH2, m-OH, m-CH3, m-Cl, or p-OH phenol. Intermediate I, the flavin C(4a)-hydroperoxide, has an absorbance maximum at 380-390 nm and an extinction coefficient approximately 10,000 M-1 cm-1. Intermediate III, the flavin C(4a)-hydroxide, has an absorbance maximum at 365-375 nm and an extinction coefficient approximately 10,000 M-1 cm-1. Intermediate II has absorbance maxima of 350-390 nm and extinction coefficients of 10,000-16,000 M-1 cm-1 depending on the substrate. A Hammett plot of the logarithm of the rates of the oxygen transfer step, the conversion of intermediate I to intermediate II, gives a straight line with a slope -0.5. Fluoride ion is a product of the enzymatic reaction when 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol is the substrate. These results are consistent with an electrophilic substitution mechanism for oxygen transfer. The conversions of I to II and II to III are acid-catalyzed. A kinetic isotope effect of 8 was measured for the conversion of II to III using deuterated resorcinol as substrate. The conversion of III to oxidized enzyme is base-catalyzed, suggesting that the reaction depends on the removal of the flavin N(5) proton. Product release occurs at the same time as the formation of intermediate III, or rapidly thereafter. The results are interpreted according to the ring-opened model of Entsch et al. (Entsch, B., Ballou, D. P., and Massey, V. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2550-2563).  相似文献   
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Three types of cloned cDNA sequences for rat low molecular weight prekininogens were isolated and determined by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. The deduced amino acid sequences indicated that one, termed K-prekininogen, represents the counterpart of the known low molecular weight prekininogen present in other mammals, while the other two, called T-prekininogens, contain a novel T-kinin sequence which was recently identified from rat plasma. Although T- and K-prekininogens are highly homologous with each other, both of the T-prekininogens contain methionine, instead of arginine or lysine, as an amino acid preceding T-kinin and exhibit two consecutive amino acid deletions in the preceding region of T-kinin as compared with K-prekininogen. The former finding accounts for the previous observation of strong resistance of T-kininogens to cleavage with trypsin or kallikreins, while the latter finding has been explained by the structural analysis of genomic clones in which T-kinin-coding exon is contracted at its intron junction. A partial nucleotide sequence reported recently for the rat major acute phase protein (alpha 1-MAP) mRNA was found to be extremely related to the corresponding portion of the rat T-prekininogen mRNA. Furthermore, consistent with the previous report of the structural identity of major acute phase protein and alpha 1-cysteine proteinase inhibitor, kininogen closely resembles not only the former but also the latter in the amino acid compositions. The interrelationship among the triad of these proteins has been discussed.  相似文献   
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