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141.
Wajahatullah Khan Usha P. Rayirath Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian Mundaya N. Jithesh Prasanth Rayorath D. Mark Hodges Alan T. Critchley James S. Craigie Jeff Norrie Balakrishan Prithiviraj 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2009,28(4):386-399
Marine algal seaweed species are often regarded as an underutilized bioresource, many have been used as a source of food,
industrial raw materials, and in therapeutic and botanical applications for centuries. Moreover, seaweed and seaweed-derived
products have been widely used as amendments in crop production systems due to the presence of a number of plant growth-stimulating
compounds. However, the biostimulatory potential of many of these products has not been fully exploited due to the lack of
scientific data on growth factors present in seaweeds and their mode of action in affecting plant growth. This article provides
a comprehensive review of the effect of various seaweed species and seaweed products on plant growth and development with
an emphasis on the use of this renewable bioresource in sustainable agricultural systems. 相似文献
142.
Louiza S. Velentzis Emily Banks Freddy Sitas Usha Salagame Eng Hooi Tan Karen Canfell 《PloS one》2016,11(3)
Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) use in Australia fell by 55% from 2001 to 2005, following the release of large-scale findings on its risks and benefits. Comprehensive national data, including information on overall prevalence of MHT use as well as information on duration of use in Australia have not been reported since the 2004–5 National Health Survey, when 11% of women aged 45+ years were estimated to be current MHT users. No national data are available on prevalence of use of “bioidentical” hormone therapy (BHT). The objective of this study was to determine recent prevalence of MHT and BHT use. A cross-sectional, national, age-stratified, population survey was conducted in 2013. Eligible women, aged 50–69 years, resident in Australia were randomly sampled in 5-year age groups from the Medicare enrolment database (Australia’s universal health scheme). The response rate was 22% based on return of completed questionnaires, and analyses were restricted to 4,389 women within the specified age range. The estimated population-weighted prevalence of current use of MHT was 13% (95%CI 12–14), which was broadly similar to the previously reported national figures in 2004–5, suggesting that the use of MHT in Australia has largely stabilised over the past decade. A total of 39% and 20% of current-users with an intact uterus reported use of oestrogen-progestagen MHT and oestrogen-only MHT, respectively, whereas 77% of hysterectomised current-users used oestrogen-only MHT. Almost three-quarters of current-users [population-weighted prevalence 9% (95%CI 8–10)] had used MHT for ≥5 years. In regard to BHT, estimated population-weighted prevalence of ever use was 6% (95%CI 6–7) and 2% (95%CI 2–3) for current use. The population-weighted prevalence of MHT and BHT combined, in current users in their fifties and sixties was 15% (95%CI 14–16). These data provide a recent national “snapshot” of Australian women’s use of both conventional MHT and of BHT. 相似文献
143.
Beadle JR Kini GD Aldern KA Gardner MF Wright KN Rybak RJ Kern ER Hostetler KY 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2000,19(1-2):471-479
We synthesized, 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir, an orally bioavailable lipid prodrug of acyclovir and evaluated it for in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus infections. Although 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P- acyclovir was less active in vitro than acyclovir, on a molar basis it was 2.4 times more active orally in preventing mortality from acute HSV-1 infection in mice. In vitro, 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir was also more active than acyclovir in a thymidine kinase negative mutant strain of HSV-1 (DM21) and had somewhat higher activity in cytomegalovirus infection in vitro due to it's ability to bypass thymidine kinase. 相似文献
144.
Sawant BU Nadkarni GD Thakare UR Joseph LJ Rajan MG 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2003,41(11):1334-1337
Kidney weight was significantly decreased in hypothyroidism (induced by Na131I administration) and increased in hyperthyroidism (induced by thyroxine treatment) as compared to control in female Wistar rats. The tissue lipid peroxidation level remained unchanged in hyperthyroid rats but significantly increased in hypothyroid rats. Superoxide dismutase was decreased in both experimental groups but more so in hyperthyroid rats. Catalase was reduced significantly in hyperthyroid rats but remained unaffected in hypothyroid rats. Tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was increased while reduced glutathione levels remained unaltered in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. Plasma GPx activity was significantly low in both the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. The results suggest alterations in the oxidative stress in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rat kidneys with concomitant changes of free radical scavengers. 相似文献
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146.
Zhou X Sun Q Kini RM Sivaraman J 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2008,17(10):1798-1804
The most challenging tasks in biology include the identification of (1) the orphan receptor for a ligand, (2) the ligand for an orphan receptor protein, and (3) the target protein(s) for a given drug or a lead compound that are critical for the pharmacological or side effects. At present, several approaches are available, including cell- or animal-based assays, affinity labeling, solid-phase binding assays, surface plasmon resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Most of these techniques are not easy to apply when the target protein is unknown and the compound is not amenable to labeling, chemical modification, or immobilization. Here we demonstrate a new universal method for fishing orphan target proteins from a complex mixture of biomolecules using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) as a tracking tool. We took snake venom, a crude mixture of several hundred proteins/peptides, as a model to demonstrate our proposed ITC method in tracking the isolation and purification of two distinct target proteins, a major component and a minor component. Identities of fished out target proteins were confirmed by amino acid sequencing and inhibition assays. This method has the potential to make a significant advancement in the area of identifying orphan target proteins and inhibitor screening in drug discovery and characterization. 相似文献
147.
Liu Y Donner PL Pratt JK Jiang WW Ng T Gracias V Baumeister S Wiedeman PE Traphagen L Warrior U Maring C Kati WM Djuric SW Molla A 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(11):3173-3177
Halosalicylamide derivatives were identified from high-throughput screening as potent inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. The subsequent structure and activity relationship revealed the absolute requirement of the salicylamide moiety for optimum activity. Methylation of either the hydroxyl group or the amide group of the salicylamide moiety abolished the activity while the substitutions on both phenyl rings are acceptable. The halosalicylamide derivatives were shown to be non-competitive with respect to elongation nucleotide and demonstrated broad genotype activity against genotype 1-3 HCV NS5B polymerases. Inhibitor competition studies indicated an additive binding mode to the initiation pocket that is occupied by the thiadiazine class of compounds and an additive binding mode to the elongation pocket that is occupied by diketoacids, but a mutually exclusive binding mode with respect to the allosteric thumb pocket that is occupied by the benzimidazole class of inhibitors. Therefore, halosalicylamides represent a novel class of allosteric inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. 相似文献
148.
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150.
Pier F. Cirillo Eugene R. Hickey Neil Moss Steffen Breitfelder Raj Betageri Tazmeen Fadra Faith Gaenzler Thomas Gilmore Daniel R. Goldberg Victor Kamhi Thomas Kirrane Rachel R. Kroe Jeffrey Madwed Monica Moriak Matthew Netherton Christopher A. Pargellis Usha R. Patel Kevin C. Qian Rajiv Sharma Sanxing Sun Zhaoming Xiong 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(9):2386-2391
An effort aimed at exploring structural diversity in the N-pyrazole-N′-naphthylurea class of p38 kinase inhibitors led to the synthesis and characterization of N-phenyl-N′-naphthylureas. Examples of these compounds displayed excellent inhibition of TNF-α production in vitro, as well as efficacy in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide induced endotoxemia. In addition, perspective is provided on the role of a sulfonamide functionality in defining inhibitor potency. 相似文献