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421.
The effects of hydrostatic pressure treatments on the photosyntheticactivities of isolated thylakoids and PSII membranes were studied,and the following results were obtained. (1) The O2-evolvingactivity was selectively inhibited by treatment at 200 MPa andabove, while the electron transport in the PSII reaction center,as measured by the photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol(DCIP) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC), was markedly enhanced.(2) The activity of PSI, as measured by the photoreduction ofmethylviologen with reduced DCIP, was not much affected evenafter treatment at 500 MPa, whereas this electron transportbecame uncoupled from phosphorylation at 200 MPa and above.(3) In pressure-treated PSII membranes, the EPR signal of Y+zbecame photoinducible with the concomitant appearance of anEPR signal for Mn2+. (4) The 33-kDa extrinsic protein was retainedin inhibited PSII membranes, but the 17- and 23-kDa extrinsicproteins were lost. (5) Cross-linking of PSII proteins by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide(EDC) suppressed the pressure-induced inactivation of the evolutionof O2. (6) In pressure-treated PSII membranes, higher concentrationsof DCMU were required to inhibit the photoreduction of DCIP.Features of the pressure-induced inhibition of various reactionsin photosynthetic membranes are discussed on the basis of theseresults.
1On leave from Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama,Saitama, 350-03 Japan. 相似文献
422.
Masato Ando Mitsuyoshi Iwata Kazuya Takahama Yutaka Nagata 《Journal of neurochemistry》1987,48(5):1448-1453
The activities of choline kinase (CK) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were examined in vitro in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG) excised from rats following aerobic incubation for 1 h in a medium containing various choline concentrations, with and without application of a high KCl level (70 mM). Ganglionic CK activity was strongly inhibited (by approximately 75%) at low extracellular choline concentrations (1-5 microM) but rose as the choline concentration was raised to 10-50 microM in the incubation medium, then fell and rose again with further increases in choline concentration. A similar but moderate accelerative effect on ganglionic CK activity was also observed after addition of acetylcholine (ACh; 1 mM) without eserine. Whereas specific CK activity did not change significantly in axotomized SCG, in which the ratio of glial cells to neurons is greatly increased for a week after the operation., it was remarkably increased after denervation, in which the preganglionic cholinergic nerve terminals had degenerated. When either a high KCl level or hemicholinium-3 (HC-3; 50 microM) was added to the medium in the presence or absence of choline, ganglionic CK activity was markedly inhibited. On the other hand, ChAT activity in the SCG remained at a significantly high level during incubation with low choline concentrations (1-10 microM), but the enhanced enzyme activity became inhibited as the extracellular choline concentration was raised to 50-100 microM in the medium. Addition of HC-3 to the medium did not alter ganglionic ChAT activity at low choline concentrations. However, application of quinacrine (10 microM) considerably reduced ganglionic CK activity and also suppressed ChAT activity induced by high KCl levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
423.
Yuki Yoshimura Reina Hirayama Natsuko Miura Ryotaro Utsumi Kouichi Kuroda Mitsuyoshi Ueda Michihiko Kataoka 《Cell biology international》2021,45(8):1776-1783
At normal oxygen concentration, glycolytic enzymes are scattered in the cytoplasm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under hypoxia, however, most of these enzymes, including enolase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoglycerate mutase, spatially reorganize to form cytoplasmic foci. We tested various small-scale hypoxic culture systems and showed that enolase foci formation occurs in all the systems tested, including in liquid and on solid media. Notably, a small-scale hypoxic culture in a bench-top multi-gas incubator enabled the regulation of oxygen concentration in the media and faster foci formation. Here, we demonstrate that the foci formation of enolase starts within few hours after changing the oxygen concentration to 1% in a small-scale cultivation system. The order of foci formation by each enzyme is tightly regulated, and of the three enzymes, enolase was the fastest to respond to hypoxia. We further tested the use of the small-scale cultivation method to screen reagents that can control the spatial reorganization of enzymes under hypoxia. An AMPK inhibitor, dorsomorphin, was found to delay formation of the foci in all three glycolytic enzymes tested. These methods and results provide efficient ways to investigate the spatial reorganization of proteins under hypoxia to form a multienzyme assembly, the META body, thereby contributing to understanding and utilizing natural systems to control cellular metabolism via the spatial reorganization of enzymes. 相似文献
424.
Mitsuyoshi Yatagai Toshiya Sato Toshio Takahashi 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》1985,13(4):377-385
The components of the leaf oils from twelve species in the four genera (Thuja, Thujopsis, Juniperus and Chamaecyparis) of the Cupressaceae have been studied quantitatively. Some chemotaxonomical feature on the components are discussed. 相似文献
425.
Electron transport in spinach chloroplasts treated with cholateor Tris in the presence and absence of 20% glycerol was measured.Glycerol suppressed the inhibitory action of cholate and Trison the donor side of photosystem II and also restored the Hillactivity previously lowered by cholate. This restoration requiredthe cholate-extract from the chloroplasts. (Received November 17, 1982; Accepted July 25, 1983) 相似文献
426.
427.
Hideyuki Matsuura Yosuke Yamamoto Misa Muraoka Kenji Akaishi Yasuhisa Hori Kanoko Uemura Naoki Tsuji Kazuo Harada Kazumasa Hirata Takeshi Bamba Hitoshi Miyasaka Kouichi Kuroda Mitsuyoshi Ueda 《Biotechnology progress》2013,29(5):1197-1202
The development of simple, portable, inexpensive, and rapid analytical methods for detecting and monitoring toxic heavy metals are important for the safety and security of humans and their environment. Herein, we describe the application of phytochelatin (PC) synthase, which plays a critical role in heavy metal responses in higher plants and green algae, in a novel fluorescent sensing platform for cadmium (Cd). We first created surface‐engineered yeast cells on which the PC synthase from Arabidopsis (AtPCS1) was displayed with retention of enzymatic activity. The general concept for the sensor is based on the Cd level‐dependent synthesis of PC2 from glutathiones by AtPCS1‐displaying yeast cells, followed by simple discriminative detection of PC2 via sensing of excimer fluorescence of thiol‐labeling pyrene probes. The intensity of excimer fluorescence increased in the presence of Cd up to 1.0 μM in an approximately dose‐dependent manner. This novel biosensor achieved a detection limit of as low as 0.2 μM (22.5 μg/L) for Cd. Although its use may be limited by the fact that Cu and Pb can induce cross‐reaction, the proposed simple biosensor holds promise as a method useful for cost‐effective screening of Cd contamination in environmental and food samples. The AtPCS1‐displaying yeast cells also might be attractive tools for dissection of the catalytic mechanisms of PCS. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1197–1202, 2013 相似文献