An oral health care guideline for institutionalised older people

Institutionalized older people are prone to oral health problems and their negative impact due to frailty, disabilities, multi-morbidity, and multiple medication use. Until recently, no evidence-based oral health care guideline for institutionalized older people has been available. For that reason, the Dutch Association of Nursing Home Physicians developed the Oral health care Guideline for Older people in Long-term care Institutions (OGOLI), meeting the requirements of the AGREE instrument for assessing a guideline's quality. This short report presents the keynotes and the content of the Oral health care Guideline. Most recommendations are based on expert opinions. Only 4 recommendations (education, pneumonia, use of an electric toothbrush, and fluoride rinsing in case of a sudden increase of oral plaque amount) are based on evidence level A2 conclusions. This emphasizes the need for further research on oral health of institutionalized older people.     

Design and Characterization of a 52K SNP Chip for Goats

The success of Genome Wide Association Studies in the discovery of sequence variation linked to complex traits in humans has increased interest in high throughput SNP genotyping assays in livestock species. Primary goals are QTL detection and genomic selection. The purpose here was design of a 50–60,000 SNP chip for goats. The success of a moderate density SNP assay depends on reliable bioinformatic SNP detection procedures, the technological success rate of the SNP design, even spacing of SNPs on the genome and selection of Minor Allele Frequencies (MAF) suitable to use in diverse breeds. Through the federation of three SNP discovery projects consolidated as the International Goat Genome Consortium, we have identified approximately twelve million high quality SNP variants in the goat genome stored in a database together with their biological and technical characteristics. These SNPs were identified within and between six breeds (meat, milk and mixed): Alpine, Boer, Creole, Katjang, Saanen and Savanna, comprising a total of 97 animals. Whole genome and Reduced Representation Library sequences were aligned on >10 kb scaffolds of the de novo goat genome assembly. The 60,000 selected SNPs, evenly spaced on the goat genome, were submitted for oligo manufacturing (Illumina, Inc) and published in dbSNP along with flanking sequences and map position on goat assemblies (i.e. scaffolds and pseudo-chromosomes), sheep genome V2 and cattle UMD3.1 assembly. Ten breeds were then used to validate the SNP content and 52,295 loci could be successfully genotyped and used to generate a final cluster file. The combined strategy of using mainly whole genome Next Generation Sequencing and mapping on a contig genome assembly, complemented with Illumina design tools proved to be efficient in producing this GoatSNP50 chip. Advances in use of molecular markers are expected to accelerate goat genomic studies in coming years.     

Selection Signatures in Worldwide Sheep Populations

The diversity of populations in domestic species offers great opportunities to study genome response to selection. The recently published Sheep HapMap dataset is a great example of characterization of the world wide genetic diversity in sheep. In this study, we re-analyzed the Sheep HapMap dataset to identify selection signatures in worldwide sheep populations. Compared to previous analyses, we made use of statistical methods that (i) take account of the hierarchical structure of sheep populations, (ii) make use of linkage disequilibrium information and (iii) focus specifically on either recent or older selection signatures. We show that this allows pinpointing several new selection signatures in the sheep genome and distinguishing those related to modern breeding objectives and to earlier post-domestication constraints. The newly identified regions, together with the ones previously identified, reveal the extensive genome response to selection on morphology, color and adaptation to new environments.     

盐地碱蓬基因工程研究进展

盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)是一种典型的抗逆性强的真盐生植物,且营养丰富、含有多种功能 成分,蕴涵着巨大的生态、经济和社会效益,特别是在植物耐盐基因工程的研究利用方面更显示 出了广阔的应用前景和巨大的利用价值,因而近年来日益为人们所重视。目前对盐地碱蓬抗逆 特别是抗盐机制的研究已从生理水平深入到了生化及分子水平,并由此带动了其耐盐基因工程 的研究;另一方面,对其保健和药用功效的研究也取得了一定进展。以盐地碱蓬抗盐机制及其基 因工程研究为重点对以上方面的成果进行了综述。     

并行采集技术在老年人肝脏MR检查中的应用价值

目的探讨并行采集PAT技术（Parallel acquisition technique）对改善老年人肝脏磁共振扫描中出现的运动伪影的应用价值。方法对63例常规肝脏MRI检查出现呼吸运动伪影的老年患者（其中TrueFisp序列未出现明显伪影）,行iPAT技术扫描（TrueFisp冠状位、T1 Flash轴位）,对比常规序列扫描并评价iPAT技术对肝脏呼吸运动伪影消除的作用。三位磁共振专家对所得两组图像质量进行独立观察及评价,并进行对比分析。结果常规序列磁共振扫描63例肝脏呼吸运动伪影,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ分别为0、15、33和15例,Ⅲ级以上影响诊断的病例共48例,占76%。采用iPAT技术扫描后,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ分别为53、5、3和2例,Ⅲ级以下符合诊断要求的病例共58例,占92.1%,两者比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论 iPAT技术可以明显缩短扫描的时间,在克服常规肝脏扫描中产生的呼吸运动伪影有明显的作用,可广泛应用于老年人肝脏常规检查产生的呼吸运动伪影校正中。     

东北虎中五个Sox基因的保守区序列分析(英文)

在哺乳动物中,Y染色体决定着雄性性别,这是由于在其短臂上存在一个编码睾丸决定因子 (TDF) 的基因。1990年,人们克隆了睾丸决定因子基因并命名为SRY。序列分析表明SRY基因中存在一个保守区,与染色体高迁移率组 (HMG) 蛋白质上的DNA结合结构域具有一定的相似性。基于HMG基序的保守性人们发现了一个新的基因家族Sox基因家族。凡是在HMG区域与SRY基因具有50%以上相似性的基因被称为Sox基因。Sox基因在早期胚胎发育过程中参与多种发育途径,具有重要的作用。参与诸如性别决定、骨组织的发育、血细胞生成过程、神经系统的发育、晶状体的发育等多种早期胚胎发育过程。 虎(Panthera tigris)作为世界上最濒危的兽类之一,东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica Temminck)是其中的一个亚种,被列为一类珍稀动物。本文对其发育基因家族—SOX基因进行了研究。 利用肌肉组织为材料制备基因组DNA, 应用特异于HMG-box区域的兼并引物, 扩增了东北虎的SOX基因。在扩增产物中发现一条220bp的扩增带。经过克隆与序列测定和同源性检索,发现5个基因片段(Fig.1&2)。其与人SRY基因的相似性分别为75%、56%、51%、67% 和48%;与小鼠Sry基因的相似性分别为73%、54%、57%、66% 和 48% (Table 1)。因此这5个DNA片段为东北虎的5个Sox基因片     

中华卵索线虫雌雄成虫可溶性蛋白双向电泳分析

昆虫寄生线虫 (又称虫生线虫、昆虫病原线虫)是本世纪发展起来的一种有潜能的生物防治因子 ,它寄主范围广、能主动寻找寄主、对人畜及环境安全无毒。中华卵索线虫是昆虫寄生线虫的一种 ,由我国学者发现并命名的新种 (陈果等 ,1 9 91 ) ,具有广泛的寄主范围 ,可杀灭粘虫 (任慧芳等 ,1 989)、烟青虫、烟蚜 (侯茂林等 ,2 0 0 2 )及棉铃虫 (陈果 ,1 994)等危害十分严重的害虫 ,其寄生率等于宿主的死亡率。因此在生物防治手段日益突出的今天 ,中华卵索线虫无疑有着广泛的应用前景。然而 ,在线虫培养的过程中 ,无论是体内培养还是体外培养 ,我们发…     

人附红细胞体感染FMMU白化豚鼠的研究

用附红细胞体分别感染FMMU白化豚鼠和普通花色豚鼠,同时测定两组豚鼠的红细胞免疫功能,探讨FMMU白化豚鼠的免疫学特性与病原体敏感性之间的关系。结果表明,FMMU白化豚鼠对人附红细胞体比普通花色豚鼠敏感。封闭群FMMU白化豚鼠有独特的免疫学特性,红细胞免疫功能低于普通花色豚鼠,对病原体敏感性高于普通花色豚鼠,更适于建立感染性疾病动物模型。