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201.
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Helene Unger 《Cell and tissue research》1936,25(3):476-500
204.
Kurt Skiebe Kurt Unger 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1963,33(6):233-237
Zusammenfassung Der ChinakohlBrassica pekinensis wird mitunter sehr stark von einer, Bakterienfäule befallen. Sie wird hervorgerufen durchErwinia carotovora undErwinia aroideae. Eine direkte Bekämpfung ist nicht möglich. Resistente Formen konnten bisher nicht festgestellt werden. Für die Züchtung ist es daher notwendig, Idiotypen zu selektieren, die unter Bedingungen kultiviert werden, in denen die Bakterienfäule kaum auftreten kann. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß Temperaturen unter 10°C und über 15°C bei mittleren Bodenfeuchtigkeitsbedingungen für den Chinakohl ungünstig sind. Außerdem wächst der Chinakohl bei einer geringen Wasserversorgung schlecht. Alle Bedingungen, die das Wachstum des Chinakohls hemmen, fördern das Auftreten der Bakterienfäule. Bei voller Vitalität bleibt der Chinakohl gesund. Züchterisch ist es daher notwendig, Idiotypen zu selektieren, welche temperaturtoleranter sind und geringe Wasseransprüche haben. Die Resistenzzüchtung muß durch pflanzenbauliche Maßnahmen unterstützt werden, welche das Wachstum des Chinakohls begünstigen.Mit 4 AbbildungenQuedlinburger Beiträge zur Züchtungsforschung Nr. 53 相似文献
205.
Ounjai P Unger VM Sigworth FJ Angsuthanasombat C 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,361(4):890-895
The insecticidal nature of Cry delta-endotoxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is generally believed to be caused by their ability to form lytic pores in the midgut cell membrane of susceptible insect larvae. Here we have analyzed membrane-associated structures of the 65-kDa dipteran-active Cry4Ba toxin by electron crystallography. The membrane-associated toxin complex was crystallized in the presence of DMPC via detergent dialysis. Depending upon the charge of the adsorbed surface, 2D crystals of the oligomeric toxin complex have been captured in two distinct conformations. The projection maps of those crystals have been generated at 17A resolution. Both complexes appeared to be trimeric; as in one crystal form, its projection structure revealed a symmetrical pinwheel-like shape with virtually no depression in the middle of the complex. The other form revealed a propeller-like conformation displaying an obvious hole in the center region, presumably representing the toxin-induced pore. These crystallographic data thus demonstrate for the first time that the 65-kDa activated Cry4Ba toxin in association with lipid membranes could exist in at least two different trimeric conformations, conceivably implying the closed and open states of the pore. 相似文献
206.
The range of application of implantable stimulators in functional electrical stimulation (FES) for therapeutic purposes and for the restoration of lost or damaged functions has steadily grown within the last 20 years. Each time a clinically used method is improved, a new field of FES application explored or basic research conducted, animal experiments are needed to check and evaluate the findings and results. It is precisely for this use that the stimulation system described in this paper was developed. The battery-powered single-channel stimulator can be used for the excitation of motor and sensory nerves with monophasic or biphasic impulses. All parameters and functions are programmable via the bidirectional telemetry circuit. Implant programming is achieved by a laptop computer, supported by a graphical user interface, instead of by a specially designed programmer. The maximum settings of the stimulation parameters are: frequency 100 Hz, monophasic pulse duration 0.8 ms, biphasic pulse duration 1.6 ms, stimulation current 3 mA. The implant volume was reduced to 2 cm3 (length 23 mm, width 13 mm, height 7.5 mm), lowering the weight to 3.6 g. Due to this small volume the implant can be used in small animals. The power supply via battery obviates the need for transcutaneous tunneling or permanent external high-frequency senders and facilitates the keeping of the animals. 相似文献
207.
Cora E. Lewis John P. Bantle Alain G. Bertoni George Blackburn Frederick L. Brancati George A. Bray Lawrence J. Cheskin Jeffrey M. Curtis Caitlin Egan Mary Evans John P. Foreyt Siran Ghazarian Bethany Barone Gibbs Stephen P. Glasser Edward W. Gregg Helen P. Hazuda Louise Hesson James O. Hill Edward S. Horton Van S. Hubbard John M. Jakicic Robert W. Jeffery Karen C. Johnson Steven E. Kahn Abbas E. Kitabchi Dalane Kitzman William C. Knowler Edward Lipkin Sara Michaels Maria G. Montez David M. Nathan Ebenezer Nyenwe Jennifer Patricio Anne Peters Xavier Pi‐Sunyer Henry Pownall David M. Reboussin Donna H. Ryan Thomas A. Wadden Lynne E. Wagenknecht Holly Wyatt Rena R. Wing Susan Z. Yanovski 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2020,28(2):247-258
208.
Pharmacologic treatment of donor cells induced to have a Warburg effect‐like metabolism does not alter embryonic development in vitro or survival during early gestation when used in somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs 下载免费PDF全文
209.
Null leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) mutations in Stuve-Wiedemann/Schwartz-Jampel type 2 syndrome 下载免费PDF全文
210.
Feeley EM Sims JS John SP Chin CR Pertel T Chen LM Gaiha GD Ryan BJ Donis RO Elledge SJ Brass AL 《PLoS pathogens》2011,7(10):e1002337
To replicate, viruses must gain access to the host cell's resources. Interferon (IFN) regulates the actions of a large complement of interferon effector genes (IEGs) that prevent viral replication. The interferon inducible transmembrane protein family members, IFITM1, 2 and 3, are IEGs required for inhibition of influenza A virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus replication in vitro. Here we report that IFN prevents emergence of viral genomes from the endosomal pathway, and that IFITM3 is both necessary and sufficient for this function. Notably, viral pseudoparticles were inhibited from transferring their contents into the host cell cytosol by IFN, and IFITM3 was required and sufficient for this action. We further demonstrate that IFN expands Rab7 and LAMP1-containing structures, and that IFITM3 overexpression is sufficient for this phenotype. Moreover, IFITM3 partially resides in late endosomal and lysosomal structures, placing it in the path of invading viruses. Collectively our data are consistent with the prediction that viruses that fuse in the late endosomes or lysosomes are vulnerable to IFITM3's actions, while viruses that enter at the cell surface or in the early endosomes may avoid inhibition. Multiple viruses enter host cells through the late endocytic pathway, and many of these invaders are attenuated by IFN. Therefore these findings are likely to have significance for the intrinsic immune system's neutralization of a diverse array of threats. 相似文献