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排序方式: 共有248条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Identification of Proteins Secreted by Malaria Parasite into Erythrocyte using SVM and PSSM profiles
Ruchi Verma Ajit Tiwari Sukhwinder Kaur Grish C Varshney Gajendra PS Raghava 《BMC bioinformatics》2008,9(1):201
Background
Malaria parasite secretes various proteins in infected RBC for its growth and survival. Thus identification of these secretory proteins is important for developing vaccine/drug against malaria. The existing motif-based methods have got limited success due to lack of universal motif in all secretory proteins of malaria parasite. 相似文献42.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling has come to the forefront of liver biology in recent years. This pathway regulates key pathophysiological events inherent to the liver including development, regeneration and cancer, by dictating several biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, zonation and metabolism in various cells of the liver. This review will examine the studies that have uncovered the relevant roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the process of liver development. We will discuss the potential roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the phases of development, including competence, hepatic induction, expansion and morphogenesis. In addition, we will discuss the role of negative and positive regulation of this pathway and how the temporal expression of Wnt/β-catenin can direct key processes during hepatic development. We will also identify some of the major deficits in the current understanding of the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver development in order to provide a perspective for future studies. Thus, this review will provide a contextual overview of the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during hepatic organogenesis.Key words: liver development, liver cancer, liver regeneration, Wnt signaling, proliferation, differentiationThe Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an evolutionarily well-conserved pathway that has proven to be essential to normal cellular processes such as development, growth, survival, regeneration and self-renewal.1–5 Its diverse functions also include the initiation and progression of cancer.6 In fact, one area in which this pathway has been extensively studied is in liver cancer.Mutations of Wnt/β-catenin pathway members in hepatocarcinogenesis are common. For example, 90–100% of hepatoblastomas contain mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), CTNNB1 and/or Axin1/2, which causes cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of β-catenin.7–9 Axin1 and β-catenin mutations have also been identified in approximately 25% of hepatocellular carcinomas,10–12 while overexpression of the frizzled-7 receptor13 and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inactivation14 can also lead to aberrant β-catenin pathway activation. The dysregulation of this pathway in hepatic cancers makes it an attractive target for potential therapies, and experimental treatment in vivo has shown promising results. For example, inhibiting β-catenin expression by siRNA or R-Etodolac decreases proliferation and survival of human hepatoma cell lines.15,16 Since cancer recapitulates development, determining the timing of β-catenin activation during hepatogenesis will help us to better understand the inappropriate activation of this pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis.Recent work has elucidated the role of β-catenin signaling in the liver, and has highlighted its essential role in liver health and disease.17 In addition, emerging evidence suggests that this pathway plays a key role in liver organogenesis. 相似文献
43.
J.R. Scott W.L. Jungers E.L. Simons P.S. Ungar A. Walker 《Journal of human evolution》2009,56(4):405-3661
This study employs dental microwear texture analysis to reconstruct the diets of two families of subfossil lemurs from Madagascar, the archaeolemurids and megaladapids. This technique is based on three-dimensional surface measurements utilizing a white-light confocal profiler and scale-sensitive fractal analysis. Data were recorded for six texture variables previously used successfully to distinguish between living primates with known dietary differences. Statistical analyses revealed that the archaeolemurids and megaladapids have overlapping microwear texture signatures, suggesting that the two families occasionally depended on resources with similar mechanical properties. Even so, moderate variation in most attributes is evident, and results suggest potential differences in the foods consumed by the two families. The microwear pattern for the megaladapids indicates a preference for tougher foods, such as many leaves, while that of the archaeolemurids is consistent with the consumption of harder foods. The results also indicate some intraspecific differences among taxa within each family. This evidence suggests that the archaeolemurids and megaladapids, like many living primates, likely consumed a variety of food types. 相似文献
44.
Background
One of the major challenges in post-genomic era is to provide functional annotations for large number of proteins arising from genome sequencing projects. The function of many proteins depends on their interaction with small molecules or ligands. ATP is one such important ligand that plays critical role as a coenzyme in the functionality of many proteins. There is a need to develop method for identifying ATP interacting residues in a ATP binding proteins (ABPs), in order to understand mechanism of protein-ligands interaction. 相似文献45.
In the late Middle and early Late Pleistocene, Neandertals inhabited a wide variety of ecological zones across western Eurasia during both glacial and interglacial times. To elucidate the still poorly understood effects of climatic change on Neandertal subsistence patterns, this study employs dental microwear texture analysis to reconstruct the diets of Neandertal individuals from various sites across their wide temporal and geographic ranges. The results of this study reveal environmentally-driven differences in the diets of Neandertal groups. Significant differences in microwear signatures, correlated with paleoecological conditions, were found among Neandertal groups that lived in open, mixed, and wooded environments. In comparison to recent hunter-gatherer populations with known, yet diverse diets, the occlusal molar microwear signatures of all the Neandertal groups indicate that their diet consisted predominantly of meat. However, the results of this study suggest that plant foods did form an important part of the diet of at least some Neandertal groups (i.e., those that lived in mixed and wooded habitats). Overall, the proportion of plant foods in the Neandertal diet appears to have increased with the increase in tree cover. 相似文献
46.
Reconstructions of foraging behavior and diet are central to our understanding of fossil hominin ecology and evolution. Current hypotheses for the evolution of the genus Homo invoke a change in foraging behavior to include higher quality foods. Recent microwear texture analyses of fossil hominin teeth have suggested that the evolution of Homo erectus may have been marked by a transition to a more variable diet. In this study, we used microwear texture analysis to examine the occlusal surface of 2 molars from Dmanisi, a 1.8 million year old fossil hominin site in the Republic of Georgia. The Dmanisi molars were characterized by a moderate degree of surface complexity (Asfc), low textural fill volume (Tfv), and a relatively low scale of maximum complexity (Smc), similar to specimens of early African H. erectus. While caution must be used in drawing conclusions from this small sample (n = 2), these results are consistent with continuity in diet as H. erectus expanded into Eurasia. 相似文献
47.
Nathanael P. Cottam Katherine M. Wilson Bobby G. Ng Christian Körner Hudson H. Freeze Daniel Ungar 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2014,15(1):12-21
Vesicle transport sorts proteins between compartments and is thereby responsible for generating the non‐uniform protein distribution along the eukaryotic secretory and endocytic pathways. The mechanistic details of specific vesicle targeting are not yet well characterized at the molecular level. We have developed a cell‐free assay that reconstitutes vesicle targeting utilizing the recycling of resident enzymes within the Golgi apparatus. The assay has physiological properties, and could be used to show that the two lobes of the conserved oligomeric Golgi tethering complex play antagonistic roles in trans‐Golgi vesicle targeting. Moreover, we can show that the assay is sensitive to several different congenital defects that disrupt Golgi function and therefore cause glycosylation disorders. Consequently, this assay will allow mechanistic insight into the targeting step of vesicle transport at the Golgi, and could also be useful for characterizing some novel cases of congenital glycosylation disorders. 相似文献
48.
49.
Germination of the polymorphic seeds and seedling growth of Atriplex triangularis under various salinity, gibberellic acid and kinetin treatments were determined. Gibberellic acid (GA3 ; 2.9 m M ) promoted germination and growth at high NaCl concentrations (345 m M ). Kinetin (4.7 μ M ) stimulated germination at all salinities and seed sizes tested. GA3 and kinetin generally increased seedling growth at all concentrations of salinity studied. Higher concentrations of kinetin were found to be inhibitory. 相似文献
50.
WDR11‐mediated Hedgehog signalling defects underlie a new ciliopathy related to Kallmann syndrome
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Yeon‐Joo Kim Daniel PS Osborn Ji‐Young Lee Masatake Araki Kimi Araki Timothy Mohun Johanna Känsäkoski Nina Brandstack Hyun‐Taek Kim Francesc Miralles Cheol‐Hee Kim Nigel A Brown Hyung‐Goo Kim Juan Pedro Martinez‐Barbera Paris Ataliotis Taneli Raivio Lawrence C Layman Soo‐Hyun Kim 《EMBO reports》2018,19(2):269-289