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31.
Interaction of extracellular Pseudomonas lipase with alginate and its potential use in biotechnology
Jost Wingender Silke Volz Ulrich K. Winkler 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1987,27(2):139-145
Summary Extracellular Pseudomonas lipase is able to interact directly or indirectly with alginate as deduced from the following results: (i) During adsorption chromatography of exolipase the enzyme adsorbed quantitatively to glass beads in the absence of alginate, but not after its preincubation in the presence of the polysaccharide; pretreatment of glass beads with alginate did not prevent enzyme adsorption. (ii) In the presence of alginate exolipase was much more resistant to heat inactivation than in its absence. (iii) In the presence of alginate the increase in exolipase activity caused by the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 was drastically reduced. (iv) Exolipase could be rapidly and almost completely harvested from cell-free culture fluid of P. aeruginosa 5940 by ethanolic coprecipitation with alginate. After dissolving the coprecipitate in detergent-containing buffer exolipase and polysaccharide could be easily separated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The coprecipitation method was also successfully applied to exolipases produced by Pseudomonas sp., Chromobacierium viscosum and Rhizopus delamar, thus suggesting potential use of this method in biotechnology. 相似文献
32.
Several previously unavailable parameters of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate have been determined. The molar extinction coefficient at pH 7.0 is 1.38 X 10(-4), the aqueous solubility at pH 7.0 is 0.0236 M and the diffusion coefficient is 4.44 X 10(-6) cm2/s. 相似文献
33.
Ulrich Gerloff 《Planta》1936,25(5):667-688
Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 1 Textabbildung.Dissertation der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig. 相似文献
34.
35.
The protolytic reactions of PSII membrane fragments were analyzed by measurements of absorption changes of the water soluble indicator dye bromocresol purple induced by a train of 10 s flashes in dark-adapted samples. It was found that: a) in the first flash a rapid H+-release takes place followed by a slower H+-uptake. The deprotonation is insensitive to DCMU but is completely eliminated by linolenic acid treatment of the samples; b) the extent of the H+-uptake in the first flash depends on the redox potential of the suspension. In this time domain no H+-uptake is observed in the subsequent flashes; c) the extent of the H+-release as a function of the flash number in the sequence exhibits a characteristic oscillation pattern. Multiphasic release kinetics are observed. The oscillation pattern can be satisfactorily described by a 1, 0, 1, 2 stoichiometry for the redox transitions Si Si+1 (i=0, 1, 2, 3) in the water oxidizing enzyme system Y. The H+-uptake after the first flash is assumed to be a consequence of the very fast reduction of oxidized Q400(Fe3+) formed due to dark incubation with K3[Fe(CN)6]. The possible participation of component Z in the deprotonation reactions at the PSII donor side is discussed.Abbreviations A
protonizable group at the PSII acceptor side
- BCP
Bromocresol Purple
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- FWHM
Full Width at Half Maximum
- QA, QB
primary and secondary plastoquinone at PSII acceptor side
- Q400
redox group at PSII-acceptor side (high spin Fe2+)
- P680
Photoactive chlorophyll of PSII reaction center
- Si
redox states of the catalytic site of water oxidation
- Z
redox component connecting the catalytic site of water oxidation with the reaction center 相似文献
36.
Evelyn Fox Keller 《Biology & philosophy》1987,2(4):383-396
In much of the discourse of evolutionary theory, reproduction is treated as an autonomous function of the individual organism — even in discussions of sexually reproducing organisms. In this paper, I examine some of the functions and consequences of such manifestly peculiar language. In particular, I suggest that it provides crucial support for the central project of evolutionary theory — namely that of locating causal efficacy in intrinsic properties of the individual organism. Furthermore, I argue that the language of individual reproduction is maintained by certain methodological conventions that both obscure many of the problems it generates and serve to actively impede attempts to redress those difficulties that can be identified. Finally, I suggest that inclusion of the complexities introduced by sexual reproduction — in both language and methodology — may radically undermine the individualist focus of evolutionary theory.I am indepted to the Rockefeller Foundation for a Humanities Fellowship that supported this research during the spring of 1986. I am also grateful to Richard Lewontin, Diane Paul, and Lisa Lloyd for many extremely helpful conversations. 相似文献
37.
Manfred Keller Andras Seregi Georg Hertting Rolf Jackisch 《Neurochemistry international》1987,10(4):433-443
Prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) biosynthesis was studied in cultured astrocytes from neonatal rat brain hemispheres. After two weeks of cultivation, prostanoids were formed with the spectrum: PGD2 > TXB2 > PGF2 > PGE2, as measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Under basal conditions PGD2 biosynthesis (9.55 ng/mg protein/15 min) was in the same order of magnitude as the sum of the other prostanoids. The formation of prostanoids was stimulated in a concentration dependent manner (up to 6–10 fold) by the calcium ionophore A 23187 (0.01–10 μM) as well as by melittin (0.01–5 μg/ml), phospholipase A2 (10–40 U/ml) and phospholipase C (0.01–1 U/ml). Basal and evoked PG and TXB2 biosynthesis depended on the availability of Ca2+, as demonstrated in Ca2+ free incubation medium containing Na2EDTA (1 μM), or with verapamil (100 μM) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid-8-(diethylamino)-octylester-HCl (TMB-8, 1–100 μM). Indomethacin (10 μM), mepacrine (100 μM) and p-bromophenacylbromide (50 μ M) inhibited basal and evoked PG formation. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detection after incubation of the cells with [3H]arachidonic acid (1 μCi/ml, for 60 min) confirmed the results obtained by radioimmunoassay. Incubation of [3H]arachidonic acid labelled cells with inonophore or phospholipases, followed by lipid extraction and TLC, showed that A 23187 liberated [3H]arachidonic acid predominantly from phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas phospholipase A2 and C reduced mainly the labelling of the phosphatidyl-inositol/-choline fraction. Potassium depolarization of the cells did not enhance prostanoid formation. Similarly, drugs with affinity to - or β-adrenoceptors, or to dopamine-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, muscarine-, histamine-, glutamate-, aspartate-, GABA, adenosine- and opioid-receptors failed to stimulate prostanoid biosynthesis. Also compounds like angiotensin, bradykinin and thrombin were ineffective in this respect.
In conclusion, our results confirm that cultured astrocytes possess the complete pattern of enzymes necessary for prostanoid formation and hence might play a crucial role in brain prostanoid biosynthesis. Stimulation of prostanoid biosynthesis involves Ca2+-dependent activation of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase reaction and further PG metabolism. However, the endogenous stimulus for enhanced prostanoid synthesis in the brain still has to be established. 相似文献
38.
Successful infection of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with human varicella-zoster virus. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
P J Provost P M Keller F S Banker B J Keech H J Klein R S Lowe D H Morton A H Phelps W J McAleer R W Ellis 《Journal of virology》1987,61(10):2951-2955
The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, can be infected with human varicella-zoster virus (VZV), both wild-type strain KMcC and attenuated vaccine strain Oka/Merck. Infection was accomplished with either whole-cell-associated or cell extract VZV by combined oral-nasal-conjunctival application and was characterized by substantial and persistent anti-VZV antibody responses. The infectivity of VZV for marmosets was destroyed by treatment of inocula with heat or UV light. Diluted inocula with as few as 40 PFU/ml were infectious for marmosets. The lungs were demonstrated to be a major site of viral replication; both the presence of viral antigens and signs of pneumonia were demonstrated in lung tissues. Four serial passages of VZV KMcC were carried out in C. jacchus by a process of in vitro isolation and culturing of VZV from infected lung tissue and reapplication of the cultured isolates to fresh animals. The isolated viruses were identified as VZV both serologically and by restriction endonuclease analyses. The C. jacchus infectivity model should prove useful for determining the efficacy of subunit and live recombinant VZV vaccines as well as for the study of zoster. 相似文献
39.
Day/night changes in turgor pressure (P) and titratable acidity content were investigated in the (Crassulacean-acid-metabolism (CAM) plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Measurements of P were made on individual mesophyll cells of intact attached leaves using the pressure-probe technique. Under conditions of high relative humidity, when transpiration rates were minimal, changes in P correlated well with changes in the level of titratable acidity. During the standard 12 h light/12 h dark cycle, maximum turgor pressure (0.15 MPa) occurred at the end of the dark period when the level of titratable acidity was highest (about 300 eq H+·g-1 fresh weight). A close relationship between P and titratable acidity was also seen in leaves exposed to perturbations of the standard light/dark cycle. (The dark period was either prolonged, or else only CO2-free air was supplied in this period). In plants deprived of irrigation for five weeks, diurnal changes in titratable acidity of the leaves were reduced (H=160 eq H+·g-1 fresh weight) and P increased from essentially zero at the end of the light period to 0.02 MPa at the end of the dark period. Following more severe water stress (experiments were made on leaves which had been detached for five weeks), P was zero throughout day and night, yet small diurnal changes in titratable acidity were still measured. These findings are discussed in relation to a hypothesis by Lüttge et al. 1975 (Plant Physiol. 56,613-616) for the role of P in the regulation of acidification/de-acidification cycles of plants exhibiting CAM.Abbreviations CAM
crassulacean acid metabolism
- FW
fresh weight
-
P
turgor pressure 相似文献
40.
Ulrich Lieder 《Hydrobiologia》1987,145(1):201-211
Besides the genusBosmina, the genusDaphnia offers considerable taxonomic difficulties due to the existence of a very great number of different morphotypes and their
intergrades. Especially the morphotypes clustering aroundDaphnia galeata Sars, 1864,D. hyalina Leydig, 1860, andD. cucullata Sars, 1862 offer a bewildering picture. In the last years an attempt has been made to understand this phenomenon mainly as
the result of hybridization and colonization of new biotopes by populations with hybridogenetic polymorphism and genotypic
diversity (founder effect). Now it will be suggested on a morphological base thatD. cucullata procurva Poppe, 1887, a unique and aberrant formtype restricted to few lakes along the river Brda in Poland, is probably an old and
stabilized hybrid originating from interspecific hybridization betweenD. galeata andD. cucullata. 相似文献